Astronomy Ch 6
Study - Print - List Cards - Export - Play Memory - Add To Favorites| Title: | Astronomy Ch 6 |
| Description: | absolute zero The theoretical lowest possible temperature at which a material contains no extractable heat energy. Zero on the Kelvin temperature scale. (p. 108) <br />absorption line A dark line in a spectrum. Produced by the absence of photons absorbed by atoms or molecules. (p. 110) <br />absorption spectrum (dark-line spectrum) A spectrum that contains absorption lines. (p. 110) <br />Balmer series A series of spectral lines produced by hydrogen in the near-ultraviolet and visible parts of the spectrum. The three longest-wavelength Balmer lines are visible to the human eye. (p. 111) <br />blue shift A Doppler shift toward shorter wavelengths caused by a velocity of approach. (p. 105) <br />bright-line spectrum See emission spectrum. <br />continuous spectrum A spectrum in which there are no absorption or emission lines. (p. 110) <br />Coulomb force The electrostatic force of repulsion or attraction between charged bodies. (p. 105) <br />dark-line spectrum See absorption spectrum. <br />Doppler effect The change in the wavelength of radiation due to relative radial motion of source and observer. (p. 115) <br />electron Low-mass atomic particle carrying a negative charge. (p. 104) <br />emission line A bright line in a spectrum caused by the emission of photons from atoms. (p. 110) <br />emission spectrum (bright-line spectrum) A spectrum containing emission lines. (p. 110) <br />energy level One of a number of states an electron may occupy in an atom, depending on its binding energy. (p. 106) <br />excited atom An atom in which an electron has moved from a lower to a higher energy level. (p. 106) <br />ground state The lowest permitted electron energy level in an atom. (p. 107) <br />heat Energy stored in a material as agitation among its particles. (p. 107) <br />ion An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons. (p. 105) <br />ionization The process in which atoms lose or gain electrons. (p. 105) <br />isotopes Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. (p. 105) <br />joule (J) A unit of energy equivalent to a force of 1 newton acting over a distance of 1 m. One joule per second equals 1 watt of power. (p. 109) <br />Kelvin temperature scale A temperature scale using Celsius degrees and based on zero at absolute zero. (p. 107) <br />Kirchhoff 's laws A set of laws that describe the absorption and emission of light by matter. (p. 110) <br />L dwarf A main-sequence star cooler than an M star. (p. 114) <br />Lyman series Spectral lines in the ultraviolet spectrum of hydrogen produced by transitions whose lowest energy level is the ground state. (p. 111) <br />molecule Two or more atoms bonded together. (p. 105) <br />neutron An atomic particle with no charge and about the same mass as a proton. (p. 104) <br />nucleus (of an atom) The central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons. Carries a net positive charge. (p. 104) <br />Paschen series Spectral lines in the infrared spectrum of hydrogen produced by transitions whose lowest energy level is the third. (p. 111) <br />permitted orbit One of the energy levels in an atom that an electron may occupy. (p. 106) <br />proton A positively charged atomic particle contained in the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus of a hydrogen atom. (p. 104) <br />quantum mechanics The study of the behavior of atoms and atomic particles. (p. 105) <br />radial velocity (Vr) That component of an object's velocity directed away from or toward Earth. (p. 116) <br />redshift A Doppler shift toward longer wavelengths caused by a velocity of recession. (p. 115) <br />spectral class or type A star's position in the temperature classification system O, B, A, F, G, K, M. Based on the appearance of the star's spectrum. (p. 113) <br />spectral line A line in a spectrum at a specific wavelength produced by the absorption or emission of light by certain atoms. (p. 104) <br />spectral sequence The arrangement of spectral classes (O, B, A, F, G, K, M) ranging from hot to cool. (p. 113) <br />T dwarf A very cool, low-mass star or brown dwarf located below the L stars on the main sequence. (p. 114) <br />temperature A measure of the agitation among the atoms and molecules of a material. The intensity of heat. (p. 107) <br />transition The movement of an electron from one atomic energy level to another. (p. 111) <br />wavelength of maximum intensity The wavelength at which a perfect radiator emits the maximum amount of energy. Depends only on the object's temperature. (p. 108) |
| Number of Cards: | 41 |
| Author: | thesuhys13 |
| Created: | 2006-04-30 |
| Tags: | astronomy |
| Private: | No |
| Favorite Count: | 0 |
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