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320 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column
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Kyphosis
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Lateral deviation of vertebral column
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Scoliosis
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Major feature of cervical vertebrae
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Transverse foramina
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Structure which regionally determines vertebral movement
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Facet joints
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Vertebra located at level of iliac crest
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L4
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Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae
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Ligamentum flavum
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Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column
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Anterior longitudinal
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Ligament affected by whiplash injury
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Anterior longitudinal
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Ligament which limits skull rotation
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Alar
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Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area
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Pedicle
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Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area
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Pars interarticularis, Lamina
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Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae
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Posterior
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Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens
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Transverse ligament of atlas (part of cruciate)
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Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc
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L4-5
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Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc
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L5
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Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6
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C6
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Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4
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L4
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Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation
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sixth
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Vertebral level of lumbar puncture
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L4
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Muscles which extend and side-bend the spine
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Erector spinae
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Muscles which extend, ROTATE, and side-bend the spine
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Transversospinae
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Innervation of suboccipital muscles
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Suboccipital nerve (Dorsal ramus C1)
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Roof of suboccipital triangle
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Semispinalis capitis
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Floor of suboccipital triangle
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Posterior arch of atlas; posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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Major vessel within suboccipital triangle
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Vertebral artery
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Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2
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Greater occipital nerve
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Inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac
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SV2
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Inferior extent of spinal cord
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LV2
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Location of internal vertebral plexus
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Epidural space
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Most frequently fractured bone of body
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Clavicle
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Most frequently dislocated carpal bone
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Lunate
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Most frequently fracture carpal bone
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Scaphoid
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Osseous structure palpated deep to “anatomical snuff box”
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Scaphoid
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Fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” appearance
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Colle’s fracture
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Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus
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Axillary
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Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus
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Radial
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Nerve injured that results in wrist drop
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Radial
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Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle
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Ulnar
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Muscle that is the chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint
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Deltoid
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Muscles innervated by axillary nerve
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Deltoid and teres minor
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Muscle that initiates abduction of arm
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Supraspinatus
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Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff
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Supraspinatus
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Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm
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Trapezius and serratus anterior
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Tendon that courses through shoulder joint
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Long head of biceps
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Chief supinator muscle of hand
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Biceps brachii
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Primary (major) flexor of the forearm
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Brachialis
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Orientation of structures located in the cubital fossa-Lateral to Medial
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Tendon biceps brachii, brachial a., median n.
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Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula
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Long thoracic nerve
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Spinal levels of axillary nerve
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C5 and C6
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Spinal levels of innervation to muscles of the hand
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C8 and T1
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Dermatome of thumb
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C6
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Nerve to thenar compartment
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Recurrent branch of Median
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Innervation of adductor pollicis
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Ulnar (deep br.)
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Innervation to all interosseous muscles
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Ulnar (deep br.)
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Innervation to nail bed of middle finger
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Median nerve
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Innervation to nail bed of ring finger
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Ulnar and median
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Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus (C5-C6)
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Shoulder
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Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus (C8-T1)
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Intrinsic hand muscles
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Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome
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Median
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Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome
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Ulnar
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Paralysis of which muscles results in total “claw” hand
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Lumbricals
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Boundaries of femoral triangle
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Inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
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Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath
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Femoral nerve
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Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath
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Femoral vein
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Contents of femoral canal
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Deep inguinal lymph nodes
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Medial boundary of femoral ring
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Lacunar ligament
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Structures that course throughout entire length of adductor canal
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Femoral artery and vein
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Structures that course through only portion of adductor canal
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Saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels
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Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa
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Popliteus
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Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint
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Iliopsoas
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Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking
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Gluteus medius
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Nerve affected when pelvis tilts to unsupported side during gait
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Superior gluteal n.
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Muscles which extend the thigh and flex the leg
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Hamstrings
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Muscle that extends leg
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Quadriceps femoris
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Specific muscle that holds patella in place
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Vastus medialis
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First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury
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Vastus medialis to femoral nerve
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Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury
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Vastus medialis
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Muscle that unlocks knee joint
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Popliteus
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Muscle affected with “foot slap”
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Tibialis anterior
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Major spinal cord level of nerve affected causing foot slap
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L4
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Chief invertors of foot
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Tibialis anterior and posterior
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Chief evertors of foot
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Fibularis longus and brevis
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Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia
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Anterior cruciate
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Ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver
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Medial collateral
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Most commonly injured ankle ligament
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Anterior talofibular
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Ligament stretched with “flat foot”
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Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)
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Joints for movements of inversion and eversion
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Subtalar and transverse Tarsal
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Major artery to head of femur in adult
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Medial femoral circumflex
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Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula
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Common fibular
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Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal
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Fibularis brevis
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Innervation of adductor magnus
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Obturator, tibial portion of Sciatic
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Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome
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Tibial
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Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot
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Saphenous (L4)
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Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot
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Sural (S1)
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Cutaneous innervation of heel
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Tibial
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Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2
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Deep fibular
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Cutaneous innervation of most of dorsum of foot
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Superficial fibular
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Major dermatome to big toe
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L4
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Dermatome to small toe
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S1
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Spinal level of patellar reflex
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L4
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Spinal level of Achilles reflex
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S1
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Locking of knee when walking suggests
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Meniscus injury
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Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee
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Medial collateral, medial meniscus and anterior
cruciate ligament |
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Dermatome around nipple
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T4
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Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula
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TV7
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Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium
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Thymus
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Vertebral level associated with sternal angle
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Disc between TV4-5
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Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly
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2nd
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Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung
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4th
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Inferior extent of lung at mid-clavicular line
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6th rib
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Inferior extent of pleura at mid-clavicular line
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8th rib
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Inferior extent of lung at mid-axillary line
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8th rib
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Inferior extent of pleura at mid-axillary line
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10th rib
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Inferior extent of lung posteriorly
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10th rib
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Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly
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12th rib
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Innervation of costal pleura
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Intercostal nerve
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Innervation of mediastinal pleura
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Phrenic nerve
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Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta
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TV4-5
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Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta
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TV4-5
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Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs
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Bronchodilation, Vasoconstriction
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Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs
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Bronchoconstriction, Vasodilation
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Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary bronchus
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Wider diameter, shorter and more vertical
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Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping
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Superior to 12th rib, posteriorly
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Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk
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conus arteriosum or infundibulum
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Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve
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Left 2nd interspace
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Site for auscultation of aortic valve
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Right 2nd interspace
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Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve
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Xiphisternal joint
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Site for auscultation of mitral valve
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Left 5th interspace, mid-clavicular line
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Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection
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Right ventricle
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Chamber that forms apex of heart
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Left ventricle
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Major chamber that forms base of heart
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Left atrium
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Heart chamber that contains moderator band
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Right ventricle
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Ridge located between sinus venarum and right ventricle
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Cristae terminalis at the root of the SVC
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Artery that determines coronary dominance
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Posterior interventricular
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Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries
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Right coronary artery
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Location of SA node
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Cristae terminalis
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Major vessel that drains the musculature of the heart
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Coronary sinus
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Innervation of fibrous pericardium
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Phrenic nerve
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Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur
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Aortic stenosis
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Rib associated with sternal angle
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Second rib
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Location of ductus arteriosus
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Between left pulmonary artery and aorta
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Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus arteriosus
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Left recurrent laryngeal Nerve
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Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic
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Subclavian and internal Jugular
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Veins that unite to form superior vena cava
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Right and left Brachiocephalic
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Termination of azygos vein
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Superior vena cava
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Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct
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Azygos veins, aorta
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Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve
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T5-9
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Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve
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T10-11
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Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve
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T12
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Thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus
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Left bronchus, aorta and Diaphragm
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Disease often associated with thymoma
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Myasthenia gravis
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Dermatome to umbilical area
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T10
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Dermatome to suprapubic area
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L1
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Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery
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T12
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Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA
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L1
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Vertebral level associated with origin of renal arteries
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L2
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Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries
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L2
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Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA
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L3
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Vertebral level of umbilicus
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Disc L3-4
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Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation
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L4
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Vertebral level for formation of IVC
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L5
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Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall
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T7 – L1
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Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring
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Aponeurosis of external oblique
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Structure that forms deep inguinal ring
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Transversalis fascia
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Structure that forms floor of inguinal canal
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Inguinal ligament
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Bony attachments of inguinal ligament
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ASIS and pubic tubercle
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Structures that form conjoint tendon
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Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
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Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia
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External oblique
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Abdominal layer continuous with cremasteric fascia
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Internal oblique
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Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia
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Transversalis fascia
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Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect inguinal hernias
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Inferior epigastric vessels
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Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring
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Indirect inguinal
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Most common type of hernia
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Indirect inguinal
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Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia
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Right
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Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach’s triangle
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Direct inguinal
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Boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle
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Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric artery and vein
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Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings
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Indirect inguinal
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Condition in which fluid accumulates in processus vaginalis
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Hydrocele
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Communication between greater and lesser sacs
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Epiploic foramen
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Superior border of epiploic foramen
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Caudate lobe of liver
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Inferior border of epiploic foramen
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Part one of duodenum
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Posterior border of epiploic foramen
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IVC
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Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
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Hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum)
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Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid superiorly from left
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Phrenicocolic ligament paracolic gutter
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Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid inferiorly from right infracolic compartment
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Root of the mesentery
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Superior extent of right paracolic gutter
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Hepatorenal recess
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Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity
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Rectouterine pouch
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Structures supplied by celiac artery
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Stomach, duodenum, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas
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Branches of celiac artery
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Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic
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Blood supply to stomach
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Right and left gastroepiploics right, left and short gastric
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Major structures of bed of stomach
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Pancreas, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal gland, diaphragm
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Ducts that join to form common bile duct
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Cystic and common hepatic
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Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver
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Falciform ligament
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Remnant of umbilical vein
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Round ligament of liver
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Origin of cystic artery
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Right hepatic artery
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Ribs directly related to spleen
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Ribs 9-11
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Organs related to spleen
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Stomach, colon, left kidney, tail of pancreas
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Artery to small intestine
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SMA
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Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA
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Duodenum, pancreas
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Organs supplied by both SMA and IMA
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Transverse colon
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Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas
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IVC
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Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas
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Portal vein
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Veins that unite to form portal vein
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Splenic and SMV
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Clinically important organs for portacaval anastomoses rectum
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Esophagus, rectum, liver, spleen
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Two structures that lie posterior to SMA near its origin
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Left renal vein, duodenum
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Three distinguishing features of the large intestine
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Tenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendages
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Termination of left gonadal vein
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Left renal vein
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Termination of right gonadal vein
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Inferior vena cava
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Location of initial pain of appendicitis
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Umbilical region
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Motor innervation of diaphragm
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Phrenic
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Sensory innervation of diaphragm
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Phrenic + intercostal
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Spinal levels of phrenic nerve
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C3-5
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Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm
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T8
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Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm
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T10
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Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus
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Vagal trunks
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Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm
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T12
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Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta
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Thoracic duct
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Structure that traverses diaphragm through crura
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Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves
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Structure that separates pelvis from perineum
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Pelvic diaphragm
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Two major components of pelvic diaphragm
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Levator ani and coccygeus
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Two major components of levator ani
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Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus
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Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall
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Obturator internus and piriformis
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Means by which obturator internus exits pelvis
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Lesser sciatic foramen
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Means by which piriformis exits pelvis
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Greater sciatic foramen
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Innervation of detrusor
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Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)
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Innervation of trigone
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Sympathetics (Pregang. T11-L2 lesser, least, lumbar splanchnic nn.)
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Innervation of sphincter urethrae
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Pudendal n. (S 2,3,4)
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Remnants of umbilical arteries
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Medial umbilical ligaments
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Provides major vasculature to pelvic organs
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Internal iliac
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Chief artery to rectal mucosa
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Superior rectal
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Chief artery to rectal muscular wall
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Middle rectal
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Most common type of pelvic inlet in females
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Gynecoid
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Two remnants of gubernaculum in females
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Ovarian and round ligament
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Ligament that contains ovarian vessels
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Suspensory ligament of ovary
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Cavity into which ova immediately escape the ovary
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Peritoneal
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Lymphatic drainage for ovary and testes
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Lumbar nodes (para-aortic)
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Normal position of uterus
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Anterverted, anteflexed
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Name given to orientation where uterus and vagina intersect
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Anteversion at angle of 90 degrees
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Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix
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Anteflexion intersect at angle of 10-15 degrees
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Chief uterine support
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Pubococcygeus
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Ligament that contains uterine vessels
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Lateral cervical
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Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy
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Ureter
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Relation of ureter to uterine artery
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Inferior and posterior
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Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces
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Perineal membrane
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Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles
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Ischial tuberosities
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Structure forming lateral wall of ischioanal fossa
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Fascia of obturator Internus
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Structure that forms the pudendal canal
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Fascia of obturator Internus
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Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids
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Pectinate line
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Lymphatic drainage for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal
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Internal iliac, inferior mesenteric nodes
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Lymphatic drainage for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal
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Superficial inguinal nodes
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Lymphatic drainage for glans penis
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Deep inguinal nodes
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Muscle which compresses the bulb of penis
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Bulbospongiosus
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Muscle which compresses the crus of penis
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Ischiocavernosus
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Nerves of erection
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Pelvic splanchnic, nervi erigentes (S 2,3,4)
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Muscles which meet at the perineal body
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Superficial and deep perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, pubococcygeus
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Major structure of deep perineal space
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Sphincter urethrae
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Vertebral level of hyoid bone
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CV3
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Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage
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CV4,5
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Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage
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CV6
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Muscles that are innervated by CN XI
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Trapezius, SCM
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Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene
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Brachial plexus, subclavian artery
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Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid
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Ansa cervicalis (C1-3 ventral rami)
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Innervation of digastric
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Anterior belly = CN V Posterior belly = CN VII
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Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body
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CN IX, CN X
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Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to auditory tube
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levator veli palatini superior constrictor
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None
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Nerves of pharyngeal plexus
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CN IX (mucosa), CN X (musculature), Sympathetics (vasomotor)
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Only muscle innervated by CN IX
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Stylopharyngeus
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Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane
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Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery
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Only muscle to abduct vocal cords
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Posterior cricoarytenoid
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Innervation of cricothyroid
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External laryngeal nerve
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Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid
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Recurrent laryngeal
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Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords
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Cricothyroid
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Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords
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Internal laryngeal
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Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords
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Recurrent laryngeal
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Site of aspirated lodged fishbone
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Piriform recess
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Afferent and efferent limbs of gag reflex
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CN IX – CN X
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Afferent and efferent limbs of cough reflex
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CN X – CN X
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Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy
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Lt & Rt recurrent laryngeal nerves
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Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery
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Recurrent laryngeal
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Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus
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CN VII and VIII
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Foramen where CN VII exits skull
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Stylomastoid foramen
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Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura
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Middle meningeal
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Major cutaneous nerve of face
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CN V
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Major artery to internal structures of head
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Maxillary
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Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head
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T1 – 2
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Autonomic ganglia for CN III
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Ciliary
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Sensory ganglia for CN VII
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Geniculate
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Autonomic ganglia for CN VII
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PPG and submandibular
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Autonomic ganglia for CN IX
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Otic
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Muscle attached to disc of TMJ
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Lateral pterygoid
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Muscle that retracts mandible
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Temporalis
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Major nerve to TMJ (pain)
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Auriculotemporal (V3)
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Specific nerves that elicit secretion from the parotid gland
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Tympanic branch of CN IX and lesser petrosal
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Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid
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Auriculotemporal (V3)
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Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity
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Posterior ethmoid sinus
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Structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity
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Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses
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Structure that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity
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Nasolacrimal duct
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Major artery to nasal cavity
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Sphenopalatine
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Most common site of nose bleed
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Kiesselbach’s plexus
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Innervation of levator veli palatine
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CN X
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Muscle that opens auditory tube
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Tensor veli palatini
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Innervation of tensor veli palatine
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CN V3
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Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
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Chorda tympani
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Site of cell bodies for nerve that carries taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
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Geniculate ganglion
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Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland
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Chorda tympani
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Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetic to submandibular
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Lingual
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Nerve injured when tonsilar pillars sag and uvula deviates
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CN X
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Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy
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CN IX
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Muscle that protrudes tongue
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Genioglossus
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Nerve injured when deviation of protruded tongue
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Ipsilateral CN XII
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Specific nerve that stimulates tear production
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Greater petrosal CN VII
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Sensory nerve to cornea
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CN V1 (nasociliary)
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Muscle that elevates and abducts eye
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Inferior oblique
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Muscle that depresses and abducts eye
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Superior oblique
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Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil
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Lateral horn, T1 - 2
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Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil
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Superior cervical ganglion
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Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil
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Edinger-Westphal
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Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil
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Ciliary ganglion
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Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane
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Auriculotemporal(V3),CN X
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Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane
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CN IX
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