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149 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
a consequence _

His poor grades were a consequence __ not studying
a consequence of

His poor grades were a consequence OF not studying
a debate _

They had a debate __ who would win the election
a debate OVER

They had a debate OVER who would win the election
a responsibility __

He had a responsibility
__ his nation.
a responsibility TO

He had a responsibilty
TO his nation.
a sequence __

An unfortunate sequence __ events occurred after hurrican Katrina
a sequence OF

An unfortunate sequence OF events occurred after hurricane Katrina
able __

She is not able __ climb a mountain
able TO X

She is not able to climb a mountain
access __

He does not have access __ the bank vault
access TO

He does not have access TO the bank vault
agree __ (person/idea)

I do not agree __ George Bush's views on the enviornment, the Iraq War, healthcare, or social security.
agree with (person/idea)

I do not agree WITH George Bush's views on the enviornment, the Iraq War, healthcare, or social security.
allows __

If you own stock, you must allow __ the possibility that it will lose value.
allows FOR

If you own stock, you must allow FOR the possibility that it will lose value.
appeal __

The slaves made an appeal __ their master's kindness
appeal TO

The slaves made an appeal TO their master's kindness
agree __ (plan or action)

We agreed _ the plan
agree TO

We agreed to the plan
approve/disapprove __

They disapproved __ the way George Bush handled the Iraq war
approve/disapprove of

They disapproved of the way George Bush handled the Iraq war
an instance __

Her speech was an instance __ pure joy
an instance OF

Her speech was an instance OF pure joy
as a result __

Her lateness was a result __ traffic.
as a result OF

Her lateness was a result OF traffic.
as good __

He does not think that ice cream tastes as good __ chocolate
as good AS

He does not think that ice cream tastes as good AS chocolate
as great __

George Bush's popularity will never be as great __ Clinton
as great AS

George Bush's popularity will never be as great AS Clinton
as many... __

The pound had as many cats __ dogs for sale
as many... AS

The pound had as many cats as dogs for sale
as much __

He has as much patience __ kindness
as much AS

He has as much patience as kindness

NOTE MUCH IS USED FOR UNCOUNTABLE ITEMS
as X as __ Y

as X to Y

built in parallelism!
as X as to Y
ask X __ Y

He asked Sara __ go to the store
ask X TO Y

He asked Sara TO go to the store
associate __

He does not associate __ low class people
associate WITH

He does not associate with low class people
attend __

He had to attend __ his wounds, or he would die
attend TO

He had to attend TO his wounds, or he would die
attribute X __ Y

He hadn't attributed his poor grades __ his lack of studying
attribute X to Y

He hadn't attributed his poor grades TO his lack of studying
based __

His judgement was based __ the evidence
based ON

His judgement was based ON the evidence
be afraid __

There is no need to be afraid __ the dark
be afraid OF

There is no need to be afraid OF the dark
believe X __ Y

We did not believe the artifiact __ authentic
believe X to be Y

We did not believe the artifact TO BE authentic
better served __ X __ Y

He was better served __ the new capitalist government ___ the new communist regime
better served BY X THAN BY Y

He was better served BY the new capitalist government THAN BY the new communist regime
THEN VS THAN
Than, a conjunction, is used to compare things.
Then, an adverb, is used with descriptions of time.
• Then, suddenly, Mr. Perez shouted, “I’m a better diver than you’ll ever be!”
• I think she looks dangerously skinny, but then, what do I know?
better __

She speaks better __ he does
better THAN

She speaks better THAN he does
both X __ Y
built in parallelism
Capable _

He is capable __ great things
Capable OF

He is capable OF great things
centers __

His decision to buy the car centers __ whether the dealer throws in a sun roof.
centers ON

His decision to buy the car centers on whether the dealer throws in a sun roof.
claim __

Jack does not claim __ physically fit
claim TO BE

Jack does not claim TO BE physically fit
compare __ (similarities)

Jack was compared __ a giant bear
compare TO (similarities)

Jack was compared TO a giant bear
compare __ (dissimilarites)

Compared __ you, I am very slim
compare WITH (dissimilarites)

Compared WITH you, I am very slim
concerned __

He was not concerned __ his passengers safety
concerned WITH

He was not concerned WITH his passengers safety
conform __

His artwork does not conform __ established norms
conform TO

His artwork does not conform TO established norms
connection __ X __ Y

The foolish doctor did not see the connection __ Jack's cholesterol level __ his heart and his heart attack.
connection BETWEEN X AND Y

The foolish doctor did not see the connection between Jack's cholesterol level and his heart and his heart attack.
consider X __ Y

She does not consider Sara __ a real photographer
consider XY (without TO BE

She does not consider Sara a real photographer
contend __

Joel contends __ you are lying
contend THAT

Joel contends that you are lying
contrast __

If you contrast Jack __ Erich, you will find Erich is healthier
contrast X WITH Y

If you contrast Jack with Erich, you will find Erich is healthier
credited ___

Edison is credited __ inventing the lightbulb
credited WITH

Edison is credited WITH inventing the lightbulb
give credit __

I have to give you credit __ working so hard
give credit FOR

I have to give you credit FOR working so hard
declare
DECLARE XY

He declared Tim Insane
defined __

She defined rich __ having more than 5 million in the bank

The employee handbook defined tardiness __ being more than 5 minutes late
defined AS

Wealthy is defined AS having more than 5 million in the bank

The employee handbook defined tardiness AS being more than 5 minutes late
demand __

My boss demanded __ I apologize for cursing at the customer
demand THAT

My boss demanded THAT I apologize for cursing at the customer
dependent __
depends __
Getting good grades in school is
generally dependent __ how much studying you do
dependent ON
depends ON

Getting good grades in school is
generally dependent ON how much studying you do
depends _____

Our place in the playoffs depends ___ we win tonight
depends ON WHETHER

Our place in the playoffs depends ON WHETHER we win tonight
depicted __

He was depicted __ an axe murderer
depicted AS

He was depicted AS an axe murderer
determined __

His raise will be determined __ how many cars he sells next month
determined BY

His raise will be determined BY how many cars he sells next month
differ ___
different ___

The CAT is very different ___ the paper and pencil GMAT.
differ FROM
different FROM

The CAT is very different FROM the paper and pencil GMAT.
disagree __ (person/idea)

I disagree __ Jack
disagree WITH (person/idea)

I disagree WITH Jack
discourage __

He was discouraged ___ attending
the event

I tried to discourage Jack __ eating too much fat
discourage FROM

He was discouraged FROM attending
the event

I tried to discourage Jack FROM eating too much fat
dispute ___

People dispute ____ George BUsh really won the election
dispute WHETHER

People dispute WHETHER George BUsh really won the election
distinguish ___ X ___ Y

The auditors couldn't distinguish ___ domestic __ international production
distinguish between X and Y

The auditors couldn't distinguish BETWEEN domestic AND international production
distinguish X __ Y

Juries must attempt to distinguish truth __ falsehood.
distinguish X from Y Juries must attempt to distinguish truth from falsehood.
doubt ___

I doubt __ I will score less than a 700 on the GMAT
doubt THAT

I doubt THAT I will score less than a 700 on the GMAT
either X __ Y

I will buy either a cat __ a dog

I will be either happy __ sad
either X OR Y

I will buy either a cat OR a dog

BUILT IN PARALLELISM
enable

The battery will enable the car __ run
enable X TO Y

The battery will enable the car TO run
encourage

The raise will encourage eric __
work harder
encourage X TO Y

The raise will encourage eric TO
work harder
enough X __ Y

He has enough money __ he can afford to spulrge
enough X THAT Y

He has enough money THAT he can afford to spulrge
estimated __

The damage was estimated __ nearly 20 billion dollars
estimated TO BE

The damage was estimated TO BE nearly 20 billion dollars
except __

Everyone was present, except __ Jack
except FOR

Everyone was present, except FOR Jack
expect __

We don't expect __ lose tomorrow night's game
expect TO

We don't expect __ lose tomorrow night's game
fascinated __

We were fascinated __ his math ability
fascinated BY

We were fascinated BY his math ability
forbid

We forbid you __ go
forbid TO

We forbid you TO go
identical __

Some idioms in English are identical __ Dutch idioms
identical WITH

Some idioms in English are identical WITH Dutch idioms
in contrast __

His body odor, in contrast __ his breath, is appalling
in contrast __

His body odor, in contrast __ his breath, is appalling
in danger __

She is in danger __ getting a sunburn if she doesnt put on sunscreen
in danger OF

She is in danger OF getting a sunburn if she doesnt put on sunscreen
independent __

His country is now independent __ authortarian rule
independent FROM

His country is now independent FROM authortarian rule
indifferent ___

The Federal Reserve Board is supposed to be independent __ political considerations.
indifferent FROM

The Federal Reserve Board is supposed to be independent from political considerations.
indifferent __

Some countries are indifferent __ human rights.
indifferent towards

Some countries are indifferent towards human rights.
insist __

I insist __ you take a shower
insist THAT

I insist that you take a shower
interaction

A blackhole is formed through the interaction __ a star's mass and gravity
interaction OF

A blackhole is formed through the interaction of a star's mass and gravity
isolated __

He has become very isolated __ his family
isolated FROM

He has become very isolated FROM his family
just as

Just as I have fallen from grace, __ will you.
just as X so Y

Just as I have fallen from grace, __ will you.
know __

I know __ the dishes before I go out tonigh
know TO DO

I know TO DO the dishes before I go out tonigh
less __

He had less patience __ sympathy
less X THAN Y

He had less patience than sympathy
likely __

He is not likely __ on time
likely TO BE

He is not likely to be on time
mandate __

There was a mandate __ you remove your shoes upon entering
mandate THAT

There was a mandate THAT you remove your shoes upon entering
mistake

I mistook you __ someone else.
mistake X for Y

I mistook you FOR someone else.
modeled ___

The town's economy is modeled ___ NYC
modeled AFTER

The town's economy is modeled AFTER NYC
more ___

Companies demand MBA graduates now __
more THAN EVER

Companies demand MBA graduates now than ever
more X __ Y

He had more charm __ patience
more X THAN Y

He had more charm THAN patience.

BUILT IN PARALLELISM
more common

Illiteracy is more common among
inner city blacks __ inner city whites
more common AMONG X THAN Y

Illiteracy is more common among
inner city blacks than inner city whites
native (adjective)

The oriole is native __ Texas
native TO (adjective)

The oriole is native TO Texas
native (as noun)

Mel Gibson is a native __ Australia
native OF (as noun)

Mel Gibson is a native OF Australia
Neither...

Neither Tom __ Sam has the necessary skills to finish the job
Neither X nor Y

Neither Tom nor Sam has the necessary skills to finish the job
no less...
no less ... than
no less __ X __ Y
no less WAS X THAN WAS Y
not only

He is not only attractive __ rich
not only BUT ALSO

He is not only attractive but also rich
not so much X __ Y

He was not so much attractive __
rich
not so much X AS Y

He was not so much attractive AS
rich
not X __ Y

He was not crying __ laughing
not X BUT RATHER Y

He was not crying but rather laughing
noted

We noted __ he had come up with the new marketing idea
noted THAT

We noted THAT he had come up with the new marketing idea
permit


We did not permit Tibet __ leave the house
permit X to Y


We did not permit Tibet TO leave the house
persuade

I tried to persuade Jack __ excercise
persuade X TO Y

I tried to persuade Jack TO excercise
prefer

I prefer caviar __ escargot
prefer X TO Y

I prefer caviar TO escargot
prohibit

The FBI prohibit cancer patients __ growing pot
prohibit X FROM Y

The FBI prohibit cancer patients FROM growing pot
potential

I have the potential __ score a 720 on the GMAT
potential

I have the potential __ score a 720 on the GMAT
range

he GMAT scores at top business schools will range _ 650 _ 750.
range from X to Y

The GMAT scores at top business schools will range from 650 to 750.
requiring ___

They are requiring __ you attain at least a 700 on the GMAT
requiring THAT

They are requiring THAT you attain at least a 700 on the GMAT
requiring

The border patrol are requiring Jack __ dispose of his pot
requiring X to + infinitive

requiring

The border patrol are requiring Jack TO dispose of his pot
whether vs if
Use 'whether' when there are two possibilities.

Use 'if' in conditional statements.

Eduardo wasn't sure whether he could make it to the party.

If Edcardo comes to the party, he will bring a bottle of wine.
Each vs. all or both
Use 'each' when you want to emphasize the separateness of the items.

Use 'both' (for two things) or 'all' (for more than two things) when you want to emphasize the togetherness of the items.

Each of the doctors had his own specialty.

Both of the women went to Bryn Mawr for their undergraduate degrees.
rates

The fed will cut interest rates __ mortgages
rates FOR

The fed will cut interest rates FOR mortgages
responsible

You are responsible ___ the child.
Responsible...for

You are responsible for the child.
resulting

His constant studying is not resulting __ improved grades
resulting IN

His constant studying is not resulting IN improved grades
retroactive

My latest raise is retroactive __ last month
retroactive TO

My latest raise is retroactive to last month
subscribe __

Business school students should subscribe __ the Wall Street Journal.
subscribe to

Business school students should subscribe to the Wall Street Journal.
so

This book was designed so __ you could self study
SO THAT

So should not be used as an adjective: GMAT preparation is so... boring. Use it with "that." This guide is designed so that you may raise your score.
save __

Save __ William, no one else passed the exam.

save __

Many people use business school to save them __ dull jobs.
save for

Save for William, no one else passed the exam.

save from

Many people use business school to save them from dull jobs.
__ not to be hindered __

They put her in a home __ not to be hindered __ her incontinence
so as not to be hindered by

They put her in a home so as not to be hindered by her incontinence
sacrifice

I will not sacrifice flavor __ afforability when I dine
sacrifice X for Y

sacrifice X FOR Y

I will not sacrifice flavor for afforability when I dine
seek

He seeks __ save your soul.

I seek __ truth.
seek TO

He seeks to save your soul.

seek + infinitive

seek + thing/person
Seem __ indicate

His test results seem __ indicate diabetes
Seem TO indicate

His test results seem to indicate diabetes
similar __

His new car is not similar __ his old one
similar TO

His new car is not similar TO his old one
so X __ Y

He is so sexy __ a model
so X AS TO BE Y

He is so sexy AS TO BE a model
in contrast ------- in contrast to

in contrast with -- leads to association ,
in contrast to leads to direction.
in contrast ------- in contrast to

in contrast with -- leads to association ,
in contrast to leads to direction.
SO X __ Y
So X THAT Y
So X __ Y
So X as to constitute Y
such X __ Y __ Z
such X as Y and Z
targeted

The ads were targeted __ kids
targeted AT

The ads were targeted AT kids
the more X __ Y

The more you scratch it, the _ the rash will become
the more X the greater Y

The more you scratch it, the greater the rash will become
rivalry _ X _ Y

The rivalry _ the Boston Red Sox _ the New York Yankees is one of the most celebrated in professional sports.
rivalry between X and Y The rivalry between the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees is one of the most celebrated in professional sports.
the rivals X _ Y

The rivals Eric _ Jack fought often
the rivals X and Y

The rivals Eric and Jack fought often
tie __

The contract should be tied __ concessions.

transmit __

The communications system will transmit __ anyone within range.
tie to

The contract should be tied to concessions.
transmit to

The communications system will transmit to anyone within range.
to result __

The US Housing Market Crash is set to result _ the Second Great Depression
to result IN

The US Housing Market Crash is set to result IN the Second Great Depression
the same to X as to Y
?
to think __ X __ Y

To think __ Harry Potter __ a wizard is absurd
to think OF X AS Y

To think of Harry Potter as a wizard is absurd
used + infinitive

Japan used to be the model industrial economy.

to be + used to + gerund

After five practice tests, he was used to the GMAT CAT format.
x
used

The hostages were used _ shields
used AS

The hostages were used AS shields
view X __ Y

I viewed him __ a superstar
view X AS Y

I viewed him AS a superstar
whether

They need to decide whether __ outsource
whether TO

They need to decide whether TO outsource
worried

I am very worried __ my GMAT test
worried about (not over!!)

I am very worried about my GMAT test
X enough to Y
?
X __ Y

His rock hard abs __ to rampant abuse of diet pills
X IS ATTRIBUTED TO Y

His rock hard is attributed to rampant abuse of diet pills
X out of Y (numbers)
?
regarded

Jack is regarded __ the smartest man in the world
X regarded AS Y

Jack is regarded AS the smartest man in the world
hypothetical conditionals:

IF CLAUSE / THEN CLAUSE
For present unreal events:

If clause gets PAST TENSE - Then clause gets might/would + infinitive - to

we put the verb in the condition clause one step back — into the past:

If I WON the lottery I WOULD GIVE money away.

* If the Bulls won another championship, Roberto would drive into Chicago for the celebration.
I wish I had tickets.
* If they were available anywhere, I would pay any price for them.

* If he were a good friend, he would buy them for me.

* subjunctive mood expresses desires, wishes

If the hypothetical even occurs in the future:

The IF clause goes back a step in time to the present and the THEN clause gets would/will/could + infinitive - to

If clause gets present tense; then clause gets will + infinitive - to

If I WIN the lottery I WILL GIVE money to charity

If the Bulls WIN the game tomorrow, they WILL BE champs again

If the hypothetical event occurs in the past the IF clause goes back a step further to the past perfect and the result or then clause gets would/could+have+ past participle

If I had won the lottery, I would have given money to charity

If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake
subjunctive mood:

When both clauses in a conditional statement are untrue:


When the subjunctive is used to express desire for someone else to do something and there is a degree of uncertainty as to whether or not it will happen:
the for of to be is always WERE

If I WERE tall, I would be able to play basketball


formed with THAT + INFINITVE - TO

It is urgent THAT he SIGN the contract
future tense

shows an action that began in the past but will continue until a patricular point in the future
future perfect progressive. stresses the ongoing nature

WILL HAVE BEEN + PRES. PARTICIPLE

I WILL HAVE BEEN WALKING on the treadmill FOR AN HOUR

They WILL HAVE BEEN WALKING together for six years NEXT MAY

She WILL HAVE BEEN WALKING to the laundromat for three years BY THE TIME SHE BUYS A CAR
future tense

shoes an action or event that will be completed sometime in the future before another action or event occurs
future perfect

WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

I WILL HAVE WALKED six miles by the time you get out of bed tomorrow.

the walking is completed before the future even

They will have walked for over THREE HOURS when the charity race is over
shows an action that will continue to happen in the future; an ongoing action that will continue after some completed event in the future
future progressive

WILL/SHALL BE + Present Participle

She WILL BE WALKING down the street when he appears out of nowhere and scares her.
present tense _

shows what is happening now, but stresses the ongoing nature
present progressive

AM IS ARE + present participle

I am walking
past _

shows that the action occurred at a specific time in the past. The action has been completed by the time the sentence is spoken.
was were + present participle

I was walking to the beach when you called

They were walking through the park at midnigh
present

shows something that happened in the past and continues into or still remains true in the present
have/has + past participle

I have walked in your shows.

They HAVE KNOWN each other for the longest time

Our country HAS ENFORCED strict drug laws
past _

used to show action in thepast that occured before another action in the past.
past perfect

had +past particple

I HAD WALKED to the store by the time you GOT off the phone
past _

shows that an action started at some point in the past, continued for a short period of time, and was eventually interuppted or stopped by another even in the past
past perfect progressive.

HAD BEEN + present participle

I had been walking in the woods for an hour when I spotted a deer.
present _

shows an action that started at some point in the past and has continued but is not yet completed.
present perfect progressive

HAVE / HAS + Present part

I have been walking with you since we moved into the neighborhood.

They have been walking past the house every day for ten years.
factual conditionals
factual conditional statements in the past receive a past tense verb in both clauses.

If we WERE in town for labor day, we always WENT to bob's house

Real conditionals in the present get present tense in both clauses,
If the grill turns off, the sausage gets cold


Real conditionals in the future get a present tense verb in the conditional and a simple future tense in the "then" clause.

If I PLAY horseshoes, I WILL CALL you