Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
During this time period much of the classical culture of Greece & Rome was lost in Western Europe
|
Middle Ages
|
|
|
|
Rebirth of classical ideas of Greece & Rome.
|
Renaissance
|
|
|
|
Time of great artistic and intellectual creativity.
|
Renaissance
|
|
|
|
Marked the transition from Medieval to Modern Times.
|
Renaissance
|
|
|
|
Birthplace of the Renaissance.
|
Italian City-States (Florence was first)
|
|
|
|
The Renaissance began in Northern Italy about ________. (date)
|
A.D. 1300
|
|
|
|
The Renaissance peaked around __________.
|
A.D. 1500
|
|
|
|
Thought system of the Renaissance.
|
Humanism
|
|
|
|
Emphasized human worth and the importance of the individual. (ideology)
|
Humanism
|
|
|
|
Focused more on life in this world than on the afterlife.
|
Humanists
|
|
|
|
Powerful banking family that ruled Florence.
|
Medici
|
|
|
|
The support of the Medici family helped Florence produce many _________.
|
artists and scholars
|
|
|
|
"Father of Humanism"
|
Petrarch
|
|
|
|
Assembled a library of ancient Greek & Roman Manuscripts.
|
Petrarch
|
|
|
|
Author of The Prince.
|
Machiavelli
|
|
|
|
The ends justifies the means in political actions. (book)
|
The Prince
|
|
|
|
Was a guide to rulers on how to gain and keep political power often by ruthless means.
|
The Prince
|
|
|
|
Renaissance art differed from Medieval art in that it portrayed non-religious subjects and was _________.
|
more realistic
|
|
|
|
A man talented in many areas.
|
"Renaissance Man"
|
|
|
|
The best example of the "Renaissance Man."
|
Leonardo da Vinci
|
|
|
|
In addition to his paintings like "The Last Supper" he drew sketches of flying machines.
|
Leonardo da Vinci
|
|
|
|
Commissioned by the Pope to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
|
Michelangelo
|
|
|
|
A "melancholy genius" who was a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet.
|
Michelangelo
|
|
|
|
While the Renaissance was flowering in Italy Northern Europe was recovering from the____.
|
Black Death
|
|
|
|
Killed nearly half the people of Western Europe in the 14th century.
|
Black Death
|
|
|
|
The Renaissance in Northern Europe was more ____.
|
Religious in nature
|
|
|
|
The Northern Renaissance began in _________.
|
Flanders
|
|
|
|
Renaissance writers who wanted to reform the Church.
|
Christian Humanists
|
|
|
|
Criticized society by comparing it to an ideal society. (book)
|
Utopia
|
|
|
|
Author of Utopia.
|
Thomas More
|
|
|
|
He was executed because he would not accept Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England.
|
Thomas More
|
|
|
|
Erasmus and Thomas Moore were _______.
|
Christian Humanists
|
|
|
|
Renaissance writers often wrote in the ______.
|
Vernacular
|
|
|
|
Language of the common people.
|
Vernacular
|
|
|
|
Priest who wanted the common man to be able to read the scripture and fought corruption in the Church.
|
Erasmus
|
|
|
|
"Leonardo of the North" his engravings often portrayed religious upheaval.
|
Albrecht Durer
|
|
|
|
His plays often explored the complexity of the individual.
|
Shakespeare
|
None
|
|
|
Helped spread the ideas of both the Renaissance and the Reformation. (Invention)
|
Printing Press
|
|
|
|
Inventor of the Printing Press.
|
Johann Gutenberg
|
|
|
|
Founder of the Protestant Reformation.
|
Martin Luther
|
|
|
|
Broke with the Catholic church over salvation by faith.
|
Martin Luther
|
|
|
|
Christians became divided as Catholics and Protestants.
|
Reformation
|
|
|
|
Freed the owner of time in Purgatory/were granted by the Church.
|
indulgences
|
|
|
|
Place of suffering where people are purified of sins before going to heaven.
|
Purgatory
|
|
|
|
Authorized the sale of indulgences.
|
Pope Leo X
|
|
|
|
To finance Renaissance projects in Rome Pope Leo X authorized the sale of ___________.
|
indulgences
|
|
|
|
Issue that actually brought Luther in conflict with the Roman Catholic church.
|
sale of indulgences
|
|
|
|
Luther's criticism of the sale of indulgences. (Document).
|
95 Theses
|
|
|
|
Ninety-five Theses nailed to Church in____. (date).
|
A.D. 1517
|
|
|
|
One is saved solely by trusting Christ.
|
Justification by Faith
|
|
|
|
Luther's basic belief.
|
Justification by Faith
|
|
|
|
Luther believed it was the only authority for Christian life.
|
Bible
|
|
|
|
Council condemns Luther as heretic and outlaw.
|
Diet of Worms
|
|
|
|
Excommunicated Luther (person)
|
Pope Leo X
|
|
|
|
Holy Roman Emperor/called Diet of Worms/ fought against Protestantism.
|
Charles V
|
|
|
|
Encouraged by Luther's idea of Christian freedom Peasants demanded an end to serfdom and ______________.
|
revolted
|
|
|
|
With Luther's support the Nobles brutally suppressed the ______________.
|
Peasant revolt
|
|
|
|
Those who broke away from the Catholic Church.
|
Protestants
|
|
|
|
Name originally referred to the princes who refused to join the pope against Luther, eventually comes to refer to all who broke with the Catholic Church.
|
Protestant
|
|
|
|
In Geneva Switzerland Calvin established a _______.
|
Theocracy
|
|
|
|
Calvin's teaching that God determines what will happen before it does, especially who will be saved. (actually before the foundations of the universe).
|
Predestination
|
|
|
|
Calvin was most influenced by Luther's idea that humans __________________.
|
cannot earn a place in heaven
|
|
|
|
One reason for the Reformation was that European merchants _____________.
|
resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome
|
|
|
|
Luther & others break from the Catholic Church.
|
Protestant Reformation
|
|
|
|
Catholic Reformation
|
Counter Reformation
|
|
|
|
English King broke with the pope.
|
Henry VIII
|
|
|
|
Henry VIII broke with the pope because he would not __________.
|
end his marriage
|
|
|
|
Made Henry VIII the official head of the Church of England. (1534)
|
Act of Supremacy
|
|
|
|
Daughter of Henry VIII tried to reinstate Catholicism.
|
Mary I (Mary Tudor or Bloody Mary)
|
|
|
|
Made England Protestant with some Catholic practices. (ruler)
|
Elizabeth I
|
|
|
|
Name of the Protestant Church of England
|
Anglicanism
|
|
|
|
Attempts to reform the Catholic Church and win back converts.
|
Counter Reformation
|
|
|
|
Agreed that the Church's interpretation of the Bible was final. (meeting)
|
Council of Trent
|
|
|
|
Established direction of Catholic reforms.
|
Council of Trent
|
|
|
|
Founder of the Jesuit Order.
|
Ignatius Loyola
|
|
|
|
A society of Jesus.
|
Jesuits
|
|
|
|
Attempted to win people back to Catholicism by education (group)
|
Jesuits
|
|
|
|
The Council of Trent and the formation of the Jesuits were parts of the __________.
|
Counter Reformation
|
|
|
|
Gave each prince the right to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism for his realm. (1555) (Holy Roman Empire) (German states)
|
Peace of Augsburg
|
|
|
|
Radical wing of the Reformation, believed people should be baptized only after conversion or regeneration (group).
|
Anabaptists
|
|
|
|
In some Italian cities Jews were forced to live in a separate part of the city called a ________.
|
ghetto
|
|
|
|
Sun is the center of the Solar System
|
Heliocentric theory
|
|
|
|
He developed the Heliocentric theory
|
Copernicus
|
|
|
|
He developed a telescope to support the Heliocentric theory
|
Galileo
|
|
|
|
Demonstrated that planets move in elllipses
|
Johannes Kepler
|
|
|
|
His discoveries changed the view of the universe more than anyone else's
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
|
|
Newton developed the theory of
|
Gravity
|
|
|
|
He developed calculus
|
Isaac Newton
|
|
|
|
Pioneer of chemistry with his concepts of elements and compounds
|
Robert Boyle
|
|
|
|
a step by step process of forming a hypothesis, testing it, gathering and analyzing data and repeating.
|
Scientific Method
|
|
|
|
Helped bring about the scientific method with his emphasis on experimentation and observation
|
Francis Bacon
|
|
|
|
Scientist who stressed human reasoning
|
Descartes
|
|
