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158 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allied Powers
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countries allied against the Axis powers in WWII
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Anti-Semitism
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discrimination against Jews
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Appeasement
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giving into an aggressive power to keep them happy
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Arms race
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competition between countries to build a bigger defense
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Atomic bomb
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first nuclear weapons, used to end WWII by the US
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Axis Powers
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Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII
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Bataan Death March
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forced march of US/Filipine prisoners of war by Japanese soldiers
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Battle of Britain
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Britains defense against German air attacks in 1940-1
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Battle of Midway
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major naval battle between the US and Japan following Pearl Harbor
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Battle of Stalingrad
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battle between Germany and Soviet Union to liberate Stalingrad
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Battle of the Bulge
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major counteroffensive by Germany late in WWII
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Bay of Pigs
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Cuban nationals attempt to invade Cuba during Kennedy admin
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Benito Mussolini
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Italian fascist leader during WWII
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Berlin Wall
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barrier separating East and West Berlin
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Blitzkrieg
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German war strategy of WWII, rapid attack
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Civil liberties
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rights guaranteed citizens
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Cold War
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conflict between the US and Soviets following WWII
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Communism
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economic/political system of socialism and dictatorship
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Concentration/death camps
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German facilities confining enemies of the state
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Containment
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US foreign policy to keep communism from spreading
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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conflict between US and Soviest over nuclear missiles
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D-Day
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Allied invasion of France in 1944
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Deterrence
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military ability that convinces countries to not attack another
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Douglas MacArthur
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Supreme commander of US troops in Pacific during WWII
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Draft
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required military service
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Embargo
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refusal to buy or sell from a country
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Enola Gay
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B-29 bomber that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima
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Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
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US scientists executed for treason
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Fascism
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political system emphasizing superiority of one group over others
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Final Solution
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Hitler's decision to exterminate the Jews
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Francisco Franco
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Spain's dictator during WWII
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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Democratic president during Great Depression and WWII
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Genocide
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purposeful extermination of an entire ethnic group/race
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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
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Japan's creation of an empire leading up to WWII
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Hiroshima/Nagasaki
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Japanese cities bombed by US atomic bombs
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House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
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Congressional committee charged with investigating communism
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Iron Curtain
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term coined by Churchill to describe the isolation of the communist bloc
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Isolationism
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foreign policy of keeping to oneself
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Iwo Jima
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battle between the US and Japan to control an island near Japan
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
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atomic scientist, father of the atom bomb
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Japanese American internment
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relocation of Issei and Nisei during WWII
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Joseph Stalin
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leader of the Soviet Union during WWII
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Korean War
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invasion of South Korea triggered a UN defense
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Kristallnacht
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Nazis vandalized Jewish businesses and synagogues
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Lend-Lease Act of 1941
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Congressional act to support Britain
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Manchurian Incident
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confrontation between Japan and China that led to Japanese control
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Manhattan Project
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secret development of the atom bomb
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Marshall Plan
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US policy to rebuild wartorn Europe following WWII
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McCarthyism
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hunting down Communists in the US government
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Mein Kampf
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Hitler's autobiographical plan for Europe
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Navajo code talkers
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US use of Native American language against the Japanese
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Neutrality
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foreign policy of staying out of a war
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Nisei
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children of Japanese immigrants
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Normandy invasion
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Allied invasion of France in 1944
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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US led coalition of nations to defend against Soviet aggression
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Nuremberg Trials
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tribunal courts held to bring Nazi war criminals to justice
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Pearl Harbor
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Japanese surprise attack on US
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Propaganda
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information aimed at influencing public opinion
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Rape of Nanking
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Japanese war atrocities against Chinese city
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Rationing
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US government control of certain consumer products during WWII
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Red scare
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fear of communism following WWII
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Rosie the Riveter
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propaganda representation of women in war industries
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Satellite nations
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less powerful countries that ally with more powerful hegemons
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Totalitarian
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government that exercises total control over population
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Truman Doctrine
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US foreign policy of containment following WWII
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Tuskeegee Airmen
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African American pilots of WWII
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U-boats
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German submarines
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United Nations
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International organization to promote peace following WWII
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V-E Day
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Victory in Europe-the day Germany surrendered
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Victory gardens
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attempts to promote civilian food production
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V-J Day
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Victory in Japan-the day Japan surrendered
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War bonds
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loans to the US government during wartime
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Warsaw Pact
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multinational coalition allied with the Soviet Union
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Affirmative action
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government programs to remedy past discrimination
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Agent Orange/napalm
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chemical used in Vietnam to defoliate, eliminate cover
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American Indian Movement (AIM)
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civil rights organization for Native Americans
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Anti-war movement
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counterculture movement in opposition to Vietnam
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Baby boom
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generation born following WWII-largest in US history
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Beat Movement
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US social and literary movement of the 50s counterculture
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Black Power
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pride in African American culture striving for political power
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Brown vs. Board of Education
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Court decision outlawing segregation in schools
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Cambodia
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nation bordering Vietnam, bombed by US
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Cesar Chavez
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civil rights leader for Mexican American farm workers
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Chicano Movement
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pride in Mexican American culture
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Congressional law forbidding discrimination in public facitilities
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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
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civil rights organization for African Americans formed following WWII
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Counterculture
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social reform movement against the mainstream values
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De facto segregation
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separation of peoples that is not mandated by law
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De jure segregation
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separation of peoples mandated by law
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Deficit spending
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government spending more money than it collects in taxes
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Détente
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easing of tensions between US and Soviets during the seventies
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Domino theory
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fear that allowing one country to fall to communism would lead to others
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Dwight Eisenhower
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Republican president of the 1950s
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Energy crisis
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belief that the nation would run out of oil and electicity
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
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attempt to make sex discrimination unconstitutional
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Fall of Saigon
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North Vietnam's successful takeover of South Vietnam in 1975
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Feminism
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belief in social, economic and political equality of the sexes
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Freedom Riders
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civil rights activists who purposefully violated bus segregation in 1964
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Freedom Summer
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1965: massive attempt to register voters in the South
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Geneva Accords-1954
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agreement ending the French attempts to regain Indochina
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GI Bill
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Congressional law providing for education and housing for veterans
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Great Society
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President Johnson's war on poverty
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Guerilla warfare
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military strategy avoiding direct confrontation
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Congressional act empowering the president to take action in Vietnam
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Ho Chi Minh
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leader of the communists in North Vietnam
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Inflation
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general rise in prices
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Integration of the armed forces
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Truman ordered the desegregation of the military
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Iran-Contra Affair
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illegal selling of weapons to Iran and funding of Contras in Nicaragua
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Iran-Hostage Crisis
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Iranian students held 52 US hostages in Tehran
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Democratic president during the sixties following Kennedy
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John F. Kennedy
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Democratic president of the early sixties
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Little Rock Nine
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African American students attending white school in Arkansas 1957
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Malcolm X
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member of the Nation of Islam, black nationalist leader
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March on Washington
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civil rights march on the capital in 1963 for jobs
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
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civil rights leader, Southern Christian Leadership Council
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James Meredith
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First African American to attend the University of Mississippi
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My Lai
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US Army massacre of Vietnamese civilians
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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civil rights organization for African Americans formed in 1909
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New Federalism
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Nixon's policy of shifting programs to state authority
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New Right
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conservative movement that began in the seventies
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Richard Nixon
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Republican president 1969-1974, resigned
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Non-violent civil-disobedience
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Ghandian strategy of protest against unjust law or government
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Rosa Parks
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NAACP member who began the Montgomery Bus Boycott
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Race for space
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competition between the US and Soviets to develop space programs
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Recession
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two consecutive quarters of reduced economic production
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Roe v. Wade
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Court decision allowing abortion
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
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civil rights organization for African Americans formed by clergy
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Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)
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talks between the US and Soviets to reduce nuclear weapons
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Sputnik
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Soviet artificial satellite, first manmade satellite
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Supply-side economics (Reaganomics)
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economic policy of cutting taxes and spending to stimulate economy
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Tet Offensive
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coordinated broad attack by Viet Cong against US and Vietnamese forces
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Viet Cong
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communist forces in South Vietnam
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Vietnamization
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Nixon's policy to remove US troops from Vietnam
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War on Poverty
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Johnson's domestic policy to help the poor
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War Powers Act of 1973
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Congressional act to limit the power of the president to send troops
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Warren Court
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liberal Supreme Court under Earl Warren
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Watergate
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scandal during Nixon administration causing his resignation
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Bosnia/Yugoslavia
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US sent peacekeeping forces to former communist country
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Break-up of the Soviet Union
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1991: Soviet Union replaced by noncommunist commonwealth
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Contract With America
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Republican promises to balance budget and change government
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Election of 2000
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contested election between Bush and Gore
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Glasnost
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Soviet leader Gorbachev's pledge to open up Soviet society
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Globalization
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economic and cultural interchange
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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leader of the Soviet Union 1985-1991
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Graying of America
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term describing the increase in average age in US
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Homeland security
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cabinet position created in aftermath of 911 for national security
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Illegal immigration
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migration of peoples into the US without proper documentation
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Impeachment
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process of officially charging a government official before removal
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Israel-Palestine Conflict
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conflict over proper sovereignty of Palestine
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Multinational corporations
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large businesses that operate in more than one country
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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free trade agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico
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Nuclear proliferation
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the spread of nuclear technology to new countries
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Patriot Act
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post 911 congressional act relaxing limits on law enforcement to find terrorists
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Persian Gulf War - 1991
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US led coalition forces liberated Kuwait from Iraq
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Taliban/Afghanistan
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fundamentalist Islam government removed by NATO forces
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Tiananmen Square
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pro democracy demonstration in China crushed by government
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Title IX
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amendment to education law requiring equal funding based on sex
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War on Terrorism
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post 911 foreign policy to rid the world of terrorism
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