Cognitive biases

Cognitive Ability and Prejudice Contrasts that foresee prejudice has intrigued social and personality psychologist since Allport 's time and research has set up the relationship between an assortment of individual differences and prejudice. One example of individual difference would be (low) cognitive ability. With the new theoretical models being developed, they help to account for social and psychological factors that merge its association with prejudice. “These theoretical perspectives…

4. According to the cognitive model, depression can be influenced by biology, biochemistry, or behavior (reading). Each one of these components is treated as a different level of analysis. Depression is learned, but it can be unlearned; that is, according to Aaron Beck’s cognitive model, depression can be produced through your negative thought processes about the self, future and the world. We refer to this as the “cognitive triad of depression” (reading). These negative biases can lead to…

understand this ability as “multitasking”. However, researchers have discovered the evidence of multitasking to indicate that it is a rather inefficient and impairing bond to cognitive functioning. In a 2009 study, Stanford researcher Clifford Nass and his colleagues put the question to the test- does multitasking benefit or hinder cognitive performance? They began the experiment by establishing two groups: those who identify themselves as “heavy multitaskers” and those who do not or rarely…

Summary In Dan Kahneman’s an Israeli-American psychologist notable for his work on behavioural economics, stated in his book, “Thinking Fast and Slow,” that the brain has two systems. These systems are referred to as System 1 “The Fast Thinker” and System 2, “The Slow Thinker”. System 1 operates automatically, intuitively, involuntary, and with little or no effort. System 2 however, operates slowly. It requires slowing down to deliberate, solve problems, reason, complete complex computations,…

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most widely used mental-health treatments by modifying thought distortions and maladaptive behaviors (Olatunji, Cisler, & Deacon, 2010; Ege & Reinholdt-Dunne, 2016). CBT reduces anxiety symptoms, particularly by mediating attentional biases to threat and interpretative biases of emotionally-ambiguous situations (Beard, 2011; Hadwin & Richards, 2016). However, the role of emotional regulation, the ability to control one’s emotional reaction…

appraised or interpreted (Joormann, Yoon & Siemer, 2010). Interpretations are often habitual and repetitive, and as a result they are classified as biases (Hirsh et al., 2016). Negative Interpretation Bias (NIB) is a transdiagnostic feature describing the habit of interpreting ambiguous situations as negative or threatening (Garland & Howard, 2013). These biases have been proposed to be automatic, unintentional, outside of awareness and uncontrollable (Hirsch et al., 2016). NIB is a central…

disorder is marked by excessive and unmanageable worry. It is believed to be maintained by cognitive (attention and judgment) biases toward threat-related stimuli and the use of worry (and associated tension) and overly careful behaviors as a means to avoid catastrophic images and associated autonomic arousal. CBT of generalized anxiety disorder involves cognitive therapy to address worry and cognitive biases and relaxation to address tension, as well as imaginal exposure to catastrophic images…

Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy The main aim of cognitive behavioral therapy to stop the sexual thoughts by substituting sexual thoughts with something other behavior and prevent relapse. The process of breaking client's problems down into its separate parts, identifying the client's patterns of thoughts, emotions, bodily trigger cues, feelings as to what triggers and reinforce the client urge to act out the addictive behavior (Theory and Practice of counseling and Psychotherapy, 2013).…

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC MODEL The psycholinguistic model aims to explain a child’s speech acquisition at a cognitive or psychological level. It attempts to identify psychological processes or mental mechanisms involved in “perception, storage, planning and production of speech as it is produced in real time in real utterances” (McCormack, 1997, p.4). Psycholinguists’ focus is that which takes place between the first and final point of the speech process. The first being the speech signal that is…

wide range of outcomes. While it is commonly accepted that psychotherapy could be considered effective and in the case of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) comparable to pharmacotherapy, the question about the quality of the evidence in the field remains controversial. Some empirical meta-research studies have shown an excess of significant findings and the existence of biases in this literature, however, there have been no efforts to provide an overview of the range and the validity of the…