Halophile

As with all organisms, these different transport systems will probably be of different importance, or function best in specific conditions or triggers (get a reference). In addition to the difficulties associated with maintaining extreme concentration gradients, high concentrations of salt ions can cause problems with protein stability and solubility for both extracellular and cytosolic proteins (Madern, et al. 1999). Proteins specialized for function in high ion concentrations, or halophilic proteins, have been found to contain more acidic amino acids than proteins from non-halophilic organisms, as well as fewer Lysine and aliphatic residues to help counteract these complications (Madern, et al. 1999). Har. marismortui is not the only halophile to incorporate these adaptations, some halophilic bacteria, such as Halobacterium salinarium have also been found to share acidic proteins such as (an acidic shared protein and a reference). Another commonly shared family of proteins among halophilic microorganisms is bacteriorhodopsins, highly studied light-activated trans-membrane proton pumps (Falb, et al. 2008). Har. marismortui’s bacteriorhodopsin shares similar proton donor sites and retinal-binding pockets with other archael proton pumps, but has an extended proton release region that contains additional water. In addition, Har. marismortui’s bacteriorhodopsin also has some novel regions such as a triplet of interhelical hydrogen bonds, which stabilize the protein’s fold,…

osmotic pressures have on organisms. Materials used to perform this experiment included: Gloves Culture Medium 2 NaCl Agar plates Cotton tip applicators Bio-hazard disposal Incubator shelf Incubator Following aseptic technique, each organism was streaked across the two labeled plates using a different cotton tip applicator for every streak. Each of the three organisms were spaced appropriately on the agar plates to prevent contamination. The amount of NaCl or “salt” in one plate was 1%…

compounds for T. aquaticus. Another source is that of dead heterotrophs and chemoautotrophs already present in the bacteria's environment. There are also some other environmental factors to consider, such as: the oxygen and nitrate concentration and the effects of light and salinity. Since these organisms exist at high temperatures, there is only a small amount of dissolved oxygen in the water and T. aquaticus can use nitrate as their terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen. Also the degree…

However, some microbes are larger enough to be seen without microscope. According to Schaechter et al (2005), the smallest bacteria that has been found have barely 0.2 μm long, and the size of giant bacteria and protozoa is approximately 1 millimetre (mm) in length or even longer. Some of microbes have ability to live under harsh physical conditions and can only survive under extreme conditions which make them as an essential organism in supporting all environments on Earth (Schaechter et al…

through binary fission meaning it duplicates its genetic material and then divides into two parts. Bacteria can also exchange genetic material through conjugation, when DNA is directly transferred from one bacterial cell to another, the two bacteria then merge and share the genetic material. There are two bacterial kingdoms of prokaryotes, the Archaebacteria and the Eubacteria. Archaebacteria was the first prokaryotes, being very ancient, and exist in very extreme conditions not to mention…

According to Zhang et al. (7) it was hypothesized that the salinity in the oceans had decreased since most eukaryotic organisms are not halotolerant or halophiles. It was assumed since there was a huge evolution of multicellular organisms that the salt content of the oceans had to be decreased to optimal levels for these new animals to grow and thrive properly. This hypothesis is still under research because data on the salinity of the oceans is not accurate. Environmental, oxygen…

species, its motile, curved, rod-shaped (Bacillus). Vibrio vulnificus was first discovered in 1976 in Atlanta from a series of blood culture samples submitted to the Centers for Disease Control. It was first named Beneckea vulnifica but changed to Vibrio vulnificus by a farmer in 1979 (Wikipedia). As stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Department (CDC), Vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium belonging to the same family as those that causes cholera and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. As…

Earth. Using sequence match through the Ribosomal Database Project, the rDNA of four organisms were analyzed. The report produced information on the organism, including the domain, family, genus, and species. An s_ab score is given, indicating the similarity of sequences. Each of the four organisms received a s_ab score of 1.000, proving that the inputted sequence was identical to the sequence of the species determined. Once the species was determined, an extensive literature review of each…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical technology that uses magnetic fields to interact with protons in the human body, producing an image that allows doctors to diagnose disease and/or injuries (DiGiuseppe, Haberer, Salciccioli, Sanader, & Vavitsas, 2012). The idea of MRI technology had come from Raymond Damadian who was a medical professor and had founded the company that manufactured MRI scanners (Bergman PH. D, 2015). In the beginning, Damadian had been using Nuclear Magnetic…

(bacteria and archaea) is that both transcription and translation of the genetic message are performed in the same cell compartment and occur consecutively. This creates the conditions in which these processes can be coordinated through different mechanisms specific to those of eukaryotic organisms. Another characteristic which should be considered in identifying archaea prokaryotes and bacteria prokaryotes are metabolic differences. This allows us to determine differences in classifying…