Intelligentsia

challenged his power, such as the Bolsheviks that helped stage the revolution in 1917 were forced to stand trial and were eliminated or sent to labor camps. Among others killed were the kulaks, communist party officers, red army officers, and the intelligentsia (doctors and lawyers). When the Great Purge ended in 1938, Stalin had gained total control of the Soviet government…

To what extent were Lithuanian locals responsible for the Lithuanian Holocaust? Lithuania, the southernmost of Europe’s Baltic states, had its own distinct and highly developed Jewish culture, including a special dialect of the Yiddish language. Lithuanian Jewry played a profound role in many Jewish ideologies, including the Jewish workers' movement. Before World War 2 the Jewish population of Lithonia was some 160,000, about 7 percent of the total population (Abramovich and Zilberg, 2011).…

Imagine if a person had been orphaned, forced work hard labour during all waking hours, hearing the sound of people last plea for mercy before they are brutally murdered, to hunt because the food that you are provided are simply not enough. Would lose they lose their will to survive? Would that person compromise their morals? Would they let the situation break them? Luckily, most do not have to answer these questions, but Arn Chorn-Pond in the Never Fall Down by Patricia McCormick did. About 40…

Boris Groys. The Total Art of Stalinism: Avant-Garde, Aesthetic Dictatorship, and Beyond. Translated by Charles Rougle. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1992. 126 pp., $13.49 (paper). The Total Art of Stalinism is not only a historical book on art, but it is also a political provocation of the well-known histories of 20th century Soviet art and literature. Originally published in German, this book was the first major work of Groys to have been translated into English. This…

John Milton, considered among the most distinguished authors of the English language, published the Areopagitica in 1644 as an appeal against the English Parliament’s Licensing Order of June 16th, 1643. The Areopagitica, although not considered Milton’s best work, is believed to be one of the most influential and timeless defenses to the basis of free speech and expression with applications to controversies throughout modern history. John Milton lived during a time of religious and political…

African American Speech Maker is an oracle of all the great voice written and heard through the time of the Mayflower until now. In the book of Fitch; how sweet the sound is about the spirit of African American History. It shows that they were some of the greatest speechmaker of their own time. The book speaks of African American speech, tradition, community, ceremony, and rituals and how it gave them the strength to persist in their struggle toward freedom. In Vincent Harding speech he uses…

How did the Cultural Revolution impact in the production of historical knowledge in China? Timmy Lamwaikit SB420181 In Chinese history, Cultural Revolution has an important position.Most of Chinese know the word,but they do not know what do not mean clearly.So,what is a main mean about Cultural Revolution?And what does its impact? Cultural Revolution is a very complicated thing. Its results with the original purpose of the opposite claims, it makes an extremely tragic consequences. The…

The main crux of Karl Marx’s theory of class lies on the notion that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” (Marx et al. 1992). As he sees it, humans have been struggling with class divisions and conflicts resulting from that for thousands and thousands of years. The conflict between the haves and haves not continues to build before tensions erupt and a revolution occurs that restructures the order of society. This has been continuously happening over…

The labour unions are traditionally on the political left, yet remain economically closed to migration. Yet, Merkel insisted that immigrants would not be considered ‘until we have done all we can to help our own people become qualified and give them a chance’ (Connoly: 2012). The DGB (German Confederation of Trade Unions) have been apprehensive about accepting immigrants due to the failed migration policies of the past, which resulted in the permanent settlement of migrants. Legislation reforms…

Modern or sociological thinking first appeared in the mid 1600’s to mid-1700. The age of enlightenment refers to the period during which an intellectual movement spread throughout most of the western world. Previously society was dominated by religious doctrine and superstition. The feudal system and divine right to rule was largely unquestioned in society. Rene Descartes published Meditations in 1641 and introduced the "Method of Doubt" in which the concept of God was finally met with…