Mineralogy

"The blue topaz has remained one of the most popular gemstones in the United States because of its vibrant blue color" (Branstrator). The blue topaz is the birthstone of those who were born in December. The blue topaz has also been a part of history, dating back to the Egyptians (Topaz History). The blue topaz is one of the most unique, fashionable, historical, and incredible gemstones on planet earth. The Blue topaz is found in the enormous crystals in pegmatite dikes (Topaz). Pegmatite dikes comprise extremely coarse crystalline granitic rocks (Dike ( Geology )). It can also be found in rhyolite, gneisses, and schists which are very acidic (Topaz)." Topaz crystallizes from fluorine-rich vapor in the final stages of solidification of igneous rock" (Topaz). Topaz can also be found in locations that consist of cassiterite and fluorite (Brannan). "These areas are most often found where rhyolite lava is commonly found or where granitic pegmatites occur" (Brannan). The topaz can be found in places all over the world including: North America, Australia, Africa, Asia, and South America (Brannan). However the blue topaz can be found in the Ural Mountains near Sverdlovsk (Gems and Gem Materials ). Topaz can come in a variety of colors. Topaz can be found as red, yellow, pale gray, a reddish-orange or blue brown, however, pure topaz is clear (Topaz). It can also be white, pale green, blue, gold, pink, reddish-yellow or opaque to transparent/translucent (Topaz)". The most common…

There are so many options and ideas around photography in advertising, I love a challenge and during my research I came across the idea to photograph gemstones. Fire and brilliance are two categories under which we would find gems stones and diamonds. Optical gemology is the identifications term used to describe the characteristics of the color, transparency and luster of these breathtaking stones. The lusters the quality of light that reflects from the surface of a stone, observing the…

Julius Robert Oppenheimer is remembered as a well-renowned citizen-scientist whose efforts in the field of theoretical and experimental physics produced a cornerstone in weapon development and the knowledge of the atom, but what can we say accounted for Oppenheimer’s success in his endeavors? Was it his drive for the knowledge of science, or was it the patriotism he had for his country that drove him to work endlessly on the creation of the atomic bomb? In an article in Modern American Poetry…

worlds have been a curiosity to man ever since our existence on earth. Ancient societies saw the sun, stars, and moon as Gods and have always been captivated by their wonder. We are now in an age with such grand scientific advancements and technology that allow us to view the final frontier of space in much greater detail than past societies, even within the last one hundred years, could have imagined. In just sixty-six years, society went from the first powered flight, by the Wright brothers in…

Lomonosov’s interests were wide spread as was his influence. Beyond literature, Lomonosov had a great impact on science through his discoveries. He was a polymath and worked on many different areas including chemistry, physics, astronomy, meteorology, mineralogy, and metallurgy (Vernadsky 38). Most of his earlier career was focused physics and chemistry. His work in physics focused for a period on electricity where he did many experiments with Georg Wilhelm Richmann, a German at the Academy of…

Zuan Chiabotto a venetian navigator and adventurer claims that He reached the American mainland in 1498, a year before Columbus reached the same continent. Alwyn Ruddock, an English scholar, found a letter sent by a British trader named John Day to Columbus. The letter explained that the North American continent was discovered by a sailor from the port of Bristol in 1470. Meanwhile Scandinavian scholars also considered that vikings had sailed to the coast of North America before British and…

samples or drill cuttings from different fields, describing the core properties based on textural characteristics, mineralogy content, fossil content and petrophysical properties and correlating these features to well-log response. METHODOLOGY A 30ft core sample from the Mississippian rocks of McPherson County, Kansas of depth between 2946ft and 2976ft will be used for this study. Four different types of method will be carried out; visual observation of the core, thin-section analysis,…

In 1965, the serpentine rock became California’s state rock; they are abundant in central and northern California. The serpentine rock is a metamorphic rock that forms by the hydration of rocks from the Earth’s mantle; these types of rocks will rise towards the Earth’s surface along fault zones. It can be found in various colors from dark green and brown, to blue with a glossy surface. However, these rocks tend to be slippery and creates a high risk for land slides. Through a series of…

VMS deposits occur in a diversity of shapes ranging from flat lens shaped to large sheet-like sulphide mineral rich bodies (Allen, et al., 2002). The preferred environment for these deposits to form in is submarine near a seafloor opening i.e. black smokers, where hydrothermal fluids escape and precipitate on the ocean bottom (Evans & Moon, 2006). The mineralogy of Kidd Creek VMS deposits often consists out of more than 60 different ore minerals and ore-related gangue minerals, of which 90% or…

On April 22, 1904, the cries of a newborn J. Robert Oppenheimer were heard. He was born into a wealthy New York family. His father, Julius Oppenheimer was an immigrant from Germany in his family’s textile importing business while his mother; Ella Friedman was a painter in New York where her ancestry had been there for generations. Later on, he would receive a little brother named Frank, who would be also be a future physicist. At a young age, he was a sheltered child who was instilled morals,…