Mixture

The objective of this experiment is to prepare isopentyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. Esterification is carried out by utilizing organic chemistry techniques, such as heating under reflux, extraction, and simple distillation. The acid and alcohol would be combined and heated under reflux; which heats/speeds up the reaction without having the reactants/products evaporate or explode. During reflux, the heating and condensing of the vapor prevents any loss…

over 20 minutes. This mixture was allowed to stir and react for 1.5 hours at 0° Celsius. The phases were then separated. The aqueous phase was washed with methylene chloride twice with 15 mL of methylene chloride. The organic extracts were combined and dried with magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed with rotary evaporator. Synthesis of 10-(Camphorsulfonyl)imine (4) 163mg of Amberylst 15 ion exchange resin was added to 3. The round bottom, containing the mixture, was fitted with a…

The results showed that a brown color change occurred in the mixture. The reasoning behind the color change in the mixture has to do with the chemical reaction that changes catechol into its oxidized form benzoquinone. This chemical reaction also requires oxygen, and an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase. The enzyme polyphenol oxidase is needed…

compounds in a mixture. This separation in based on the differences in each compound’s solubility. For the purpose of this lab, the liquid-liquid extraction technique was used. This method involves using two immiscible solvents, and because of each compounds solubility in each of those solvents, the mixed compounds can separate. Generally, this process includes water as one of the immiscible solvents, but for this lab, t-butyl methyl ether was used to dissolve our mixture. Our mixture was made…

ortho and para place their substituents on the benzene ring. With these concepts, the goal is for one person to observe how toluene and acetophenone react with nitric acid within the same mixture. Another person will explore how isopropylbenzene and acetophenone will also react with nitric acid within the same mixture. The toluene, isopropylbenzene…

The change in the reaction mixture occurred when the temperature got to a 100˚C. The mixture had turned a very dark color. The mixture started out blue and it changed to an almost black color. The mixture was continued to heat for an additional 5 minutes and then it was cooled down to room temperature. When the reaction mixture was cooled, solids started to form on the sides of the beaker. The solids were black and chunky and…

With only nine substances the 8th grade had to find a combination of two or three to create one. It was harder than they thought and took long than they thought. There was a lot of disagreeing, but the 20 scientist would have to agree on one. They mixed and experimented with the nine substances. Then the scientist kicked some out and kept some in. They experimented with one by itself and a few together. Finally, they decided on one, Baking Soda and Citric Acid. The scientists found lots of…

Does changing the fat content in milk used in an ice cream mixture change the temperature or thickness it reaches after 10 minutes in an ice cream maker? Purpose The purpose was to determine the effect of the percent of fat in milk used to make ice cream on the temperature and thickness the ice cream was after ten minutes in an ice cream maker. Background Information Lipids, a broad term referring to fats and oils, are incredibly important in the human diet. “[Lipids] store more than twice…

separation of the sulfur and iron powder was accomplished through magnetism. When combining the sulfur and iron powder to form a mixture, a magnet can be used to attract the iron separating it from the sulfur. Unlike the iron and powder, the salt and sand were separated through filtration. This is a method which separates solids from liquids. In the experiment, the mixture of salt, sand and water are separated as it is poured through a funnel with filter paper. The water along with the salt pass…

experiment was spilling the mixture. While we were filtering the mixture, we spilled a small drop of the mixture onto the counter. Another error that could've occurred during this experiment was with the measuring device used because whenever we measured an object, if we moved the object to the middle or side of the electronic balance, it would show a number differing by approximately 0.1 gram each time. This error occurred due to our lack of attention, after pouring the mixture into the…