Muscular system

Occurring mostly in males, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an X-linked disorder that includes progressive muscle weakening caused by an insufficient gene for the production of a protein in the muscles called dystrophin. (Lucas-Heron, 1995) It affects about one in 3600-6000 live male births, making it the most common form of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms are most often noticeable by the time patients reach the age of three to five. The affected males will lose their ability to walk by eight to…

Effects of Carbohydrate Ingestion Pre- Grip Strength Exercise on Muscle Endurance In the world of fitness, nutritional supplements are ingested with intent to maximize the results of strength exercise. In achieving favorable adaptations to exercise, sufficient nutrient consumption is critical. Also important is the timing of nutrient consumption, as greater benefits are observed when ingestion takes place in a time frame close to the exercise (Laurenson & Dubé, 2014). Previous literature…

Cases: 1. A 13-year-old male presents with a two-year history of progressive weaknesses in both upper and lower extremities. He finds it difficult to lift heavy objects off a shelf. When sitting on the floor he has to hold onto objects such as a chair to pull himself up. On examination, there is significant wasting of muscles in the shoulders, upper arms, and hips. There is significant weakness on muscle testing (i.e., the patient is unable to exert a normal force with muscle contraction). On…

Is using HGH in Sports Cheating? In discussion of HGH, one controversial issue as using been being is HGH in sports cheating? On the one hand, some people argue that using HGH in sports is cheating because it gives the person an advantage to gaining muscle, running faster, and getting stronger without putting in the time. On the other hand, some people contend that using HGH in sports is not cheating. Because if it is hard for you to gain muscle or get stronger, it will compete with other…

Spinal Muscular Atrophy, or SMA, was discovered in the 80’s by two doctors. Early in the 1980’s Doctors Werdnig and Hoffman talked of a disorder of progressive muscular weakness starting in babies, leading to early death. The disease was characterized as a loss of anterior horn cell. The lower motor neuron degeneration has been confirmed to be caused by a loss of anterior horn cells in the cranial nerve nuclei and spinal cord. The entire body is affected from Spinal Muscular Atrophy. SMA…

Hill et al. (2006) conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to investigate the difference between β-Alanine supplementation after 4 and 10 weeks and the effect on intense cycling capacity. 25 fit undergraduate and postgraduate fit male participants from the University of Chichester, characterized by low economy and low meat consumption, liberally volunteered to participate. Subjects were not taking any dietary supplements and refrained from supplements 6 weeks before the…

VI. Post-Operative Precautions The first 6 weeks the goal is to protect the repair! Crutches and a brace are used during this time and depending on who performed the repair the brace and crutches may be removed. First 3-5 days the lower extremity (LE) will be immobilized on a rigid brace with knee flexed in 30°- 45°. As a patient you are told to avoid extension of the knee while hip is in flexion. You will be walking with the crutches as early as 24 – 48 hours after the surgery with toe touch…

is comfortable and appropriate for it. When your body is forced to do too much, it needs a break. In the same way you need a vacation after a tough season at work, your body is tired, over worked, and underappreciated. A time of fasting rests your system from the constant assault of food and drinks. Food…

Legs are an important part of human life. Humans use their legs in almost every aspect of their life. For athlete's, legs are also very important. One important muscle group of the leg includes the quadriceps muscles, otherwise known as the quadriceps femoris. The quadriceps are made out of four other different muscles, that all work towards a specific function for the body. Although it might not be one of the most important muscles, the quadriceps muscles are a very important leg muscle that…

What is a hamstring strain? A hamstring isn’t a single string but actually 4 muscles running down the back of your thigh that allow you to bend at your knee. When you strain your hamstring one or more of these muscles gets overloaded. The muscles might even start to tear. How it might happen? You’re likely to get a hamstring strain during activities that involve a lot of running and jumping or sudden starting and stopping. So if you’re an athlete of any kind, you are at risk of getting a…