Nucleic acid

Approach: The specific aim of this Phase I project is to establish the technical merit and feasibility of detection of HCV RNA using an innovative assay called TARA. The overall work principles and design of the assays are shown in Figure 1. We will use peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based probes to investigate in detail the signaling power and the selectivity of a transfer reaction (Figure 2). PNA is a chemically and biologically stable DNA analogue that combines an increased affinity towards DNA (RNA) with a hybridization that is highly sequence selective [28]. Due to modifications in its backbone, it does not degrade in the presence of proteases such as Proteinase K. Sequence-specific PNA oligonucleotides are labeled with antigen (biotin, or…

Bases are electrolytes that mix with hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions are in the body because of respiration. They can also be made because of oxidation of fatty acids, amino acids that contain sulphur and nucleic acids. The amount of hydrogen ions that in the body can be regulated in many different ways: Acid base buffer systems are located in body fluids and are chemicals such as the buffer phosphate system and the protein buffer system. The function of the respiratory system is to regulate the…

places. Many people are reusing carbon to make energy.This helps the earth in many ways and is a great way to recycle waste. Describe the structures of proteins and nucleic acids, and discuss the functional relationship between these two types of organic compounds. (150 word minimum response) Organic compounds are very important in living things. There are four main types of organic compounds, two of which are proteins and nucleic acids. Proteins are made up of many small particles called…

oxygen3. Serratia Marcescens is a gram negative bacterium. Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell of a single layer of peptidoglycan that is enclosed by an outer membrane. The outer membrane is surrounded by special phospholipids composed of fatty acids called lipopolysaccharides that are attached to a glucosamine…

neutralization reaction. A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound (a salt) and water; the resulting pH is closer to 7. The general chemical equation for a neutralization reaction is: Acid + Base Water + Ionic Compound This can also be considered as a double displacement reaction. However, since the reacts are an acid (carbonic acid) and a base (sodium hydroxide) and the products are a salt (sodium carbonate) and water (H2O),…

than anything else. It is important to take care of the body from any harm. One thing that the body is capable of is maintaining pH levels and buffers. A pH is the power of hydrogen and buffers prevent extreme shifts in pH. The blood has a specific type of buffer that is maintained at pH level of 7.4. If the buffers shifts and levels of pH go to 7 or 7.8, it can be deadly. The blood buffer contains carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate acid and hydrogen ions. This equation can also be…

Bronsted-Lowry Theory, is defined as a proton (H+) donor. An equation exemplifying an acid dissolving in water is: HCl (g) H2O H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) A base, based on the Bronsted-Lowry Theory, is defined as a proton (H+) acceptor. An equation exemplifying a base dissolving in water: NaOH (s) H2O Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Molarity, also known as the concentration, is represented as moles of the measured substance divided by the volume in dm3. It is a value of the amount of substance in a…

INTRODUCTION : The concept of dentin adhesion presently used involves the nanomechanical retention which is due to polymerisation of hydrophilic monomers around acid exposed collagen fibres.1 The entanglement of these monomers within the exposed collagen fibres gives rise to the so called Hybrid layer , which is also referred as Resin infiltrated Dentin layer.2 The presence of hybrid layer is important for attainment of a leakage free interface between the cavity walls and resin composite.2…

occurring all over the world, from deforestation to excessive water pollution. One urgent issue facing the world today is freshwater pollution and the negative effects it is having on freshwater aquatic life. Pollution is creating a positive feedback loop in our freshwater aquatic life, including the killings of many of freshwater wildlife. Through the analysis of several different articles and books, this review will look over how eutrophication, acid rain, and heavy metal pollution effects…

that was used during the steam bath could have had some of the product on it which would have been removed with the stick. It is less clear why the benzoic acid was overproduced. Some of the organic layer may have been drawn off with it, but the vacuum filtration should have left only the benzoic acid. There could have been an error in weighing the filter paper before the procedure. There also could have been contaminants in the basic extract, causing more than just the benzoic acid to be…