Orbicularis oris muscle

ago (Carruthers and Carruthers, 2009). Since then, there has been an identification of seven different serotypes labeled A-G; all produced by different strains of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum (Hurkadle et al., 2012). Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is the main and most well-studied serotype that is used in cosmetic (Hurkadle et al., 2012). The BTX-A can be purified and isolated from fermented C. botulinum to be used as botox (Hurkadle et al., 2012). Botox has no preservatives and is a stable, sterile, vacuum-dried powder diluted with saline solution (Hurkadle et al., 2012). BTX-A is well known to correct and/or reverse the physical effects of aging and help reduce the appearance of wrinkles through reversible paralysis of the treated muscle (Hexsel et al., 2011). BTX-A has been approved in more than 75 countries for use in the cosmetic industry (Carruthers and Carruthers, 2009). It can be used to treat a variety of hyperkinetic facial lines such as crow’s feet, horizontal forehead lines and glabellar rhytides in the upper face and folds and lines in the lower face and neck (Carruthers and Carruthers, 2009). Skin aging The main reason why people decide to get botox injection is due to aging and the appearance of wrinkles. The human skin will undergo changes due to increasing age and with increasing exposure to external factors such as ultraviolet radiation and smoking (Naylor et al., 2011). Increase in age will lead to the appearance of fine wrinkles and reduce…

The Bodies exhibition showcases preserved human bodies dissected to display bodily system. The exhibit is set up so that one started at the skeletal system. The skeletal system showed the skeletal, the whole body bone include the ribs, large bone call femur and small bone call fibula, adult skull and infant skull. They also showed the prone bone that showed the bone disease as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Second system I learn is muscular system, the muscular system showed the muscular…

The Treaty of Waitangi Introduction The creation of a bi-cultural nation was underway after the signing of The Treaty of Waitangi which took place on the 6th of February 1840. The contract was between British government and Māori people with constant discussion and debate raised over the promises made to the Māori, whether or not what they had been promised was being delivered upon. Issues and concerns were raised over the translation difficulty between each of the articles. This documentation…

In this essay as a health care professional I will be explaining four important Maori concepts which are Taha Wairua, Te Whare Tapa Wha model, Whakapapa, and Manaakitanga. In relation to these four concepts I will be linking Te Whare Tapa Wha with a key priority in Maori health which is acute rheumatic fever. Thusly, the connection of Te Whare Tapa Wha we will be discussing how the four dimensions of Te Whare Tapa Wha and how rheumatic fever affects these four dimensions in Maori health,…

Kua tawhiti ke to haerenga mai, kia kore e haere tonu. He tino nui rawa ou mahi, kia kore e mahi nui tonu"."You have come too far not to go further. You have done too much not to do more Te Kupenga Mōteatea was chosen after many hours of reading and researching Tuwharetoa - History of the Maori People of the Taupo District (Grace, Te.H) 1959. The storyline of Te Kupenga involves friendship, love, conflict, insult, war and revenge. In this essay I will describe what Te Kupenga Mōteatea means…

The documentary; ‘Heart of Sky, Heart of Earth’ (2011), features Carlos Chan Chanuk, of the Lacondon Maya, who is studying to become a shaman. He lives amongst what was previously a thriving and lush rainforest in North America, which is now an island in the middle of cow ranches. Chan laments sadly that his people are losing touch with their gods. In this modern world they have disease and sicknesses, which Chan believes are because they have lost their belief and faith in their gods. Their…

According to a study conducted and statistics gathered by Russell, Smiler & Stace (2013), the status of Maori health in New Zealand indicates that Maori’s experience orderly incongruities in health, contributing a factor of health and health care system approachability. Financial costs are frequently identified as a significant obstacle to health care for Maori (Jansen, Bacal & Crengle, 2008). According to the Ministry of Health ([MOH], 2015), within New Zealand, people with subordinate earnings…

Belgrave, Michael, Historical Frictions: Maori Claims and Reinvented Histories, Auckland, 2005. In this book, Belgrave explores the changes that have occurred in the last hundred and fifty years regarding Waitangi Tribunal claims, the role of the Waitangi Tribunal and the relationship between Maori and non-Maori in New Zealand. Belgrave sheds light on nuances of the Treaty of Waitangi and the Waitangi Tribunal that are not commonly known. Belgrave provides evidence on various historical case…

Patricia Grace is one of New Zealand’s foremost Maori authors. Her novel Potiki displays many aspects of Maori culture. One important conflict in the novel is the different value money has between the tribe (the Tamihana family) and the dollarman. The different value that it has proves to be an important conflict in the novel as it conveys the message of the tribes independence without the large influence of money. This essay will discuss the different value of money by focussing on the…

Albany When we drove down to Albany it was about a 4.5 hour car ride south of Perth. The Longitude and Latitude of Albany is 35.0228° S, 117.8814° E. It is located on the tip of South West Australia. The car ride down had a lot of traffic on the Albany Highway which links Perth to Albany. But eventually when we passed the city there wasn’t as much. Along the ride I enjoyed the scenery of the farms with lovely animals such as horses and cows. Albany established itself as an important European…