Reinforcement

theory considers a full range of psychological and social phenomena to explain how do organisms learn or acquire behavior. Among some of the main components of behaviorism it can be mentioned classical and operant conditioning, stimulus-response, reinforcements and punishments, objective measure, social learning, and reductionism (the notion that human behavior can be explained by breaking it down into smaller elements), (Khan, 2013; McLeod, 2013). Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, Edward Thorndike, and…

is a behaviour designed to people in a way that will gain something desired or avoiding something unpleasant. It is also known as Law of Effect. Furthermore, learning behaviour is controlled by the consequences of the behaviour itself which are reinforcement or punishment. Besides, both consequences have their own positive and negative event which will result new behaviour development in future. The consequences can either increase the probability of the behaviour or reduce the probability of…

Behavior analysis use schedules of reinforcement to see if responses to a behavior are reinforced. Responses to reinforcement can be partial or continuous. Observations where the behavior is reinforced on every single response is called a continuous reinforcement schedule (CSF). In contrast, an intermittent schedule of reinforcement (ISF) observes behavior where responses are occasionally or partially…

control over ones actions at the beginning of the day. By implementing the reinforcement on the participant, this behaviour is hypothesised to strengthen into a routine and with healthy nutritious reinforcements, a healthy diet can be maintained. The participant should also become accustomed to having fruit in the morning after making their bed. The principles used to modify the attendant’s behaviour are positive reinforcement and negative punishment, these interventions will have an effect and…

repeated reinforcement is useful, but there is no guarantee that students will keep the good behaviour if no further reinforcement is available, for example, when attending another teacher’s lesson. Generalization is another solution, requiring the teacher to extend the application of rules in various settings and gradually reduce the reward at the same time (Schwieso & Hastings, 1986, p. 83; Landrum and Kauffman, 2006, pp. 59-60). This aims at removing the students’ reliance on reinforcement to…

it focuses more on the effects of the drugs on the body. As stated before, drugs cause a chemical reaction in the brain (positive reinforcement) which reinforces the behavior to take place in the future. Drugs deteriorate the body 's natural reward system by blocking our natural, chemical production. When this happens, and the use of drugs stop (negative reinforcement) the body lacks the needed chemicals to feel “normal” which reinforces people to keep…

responding decreased. However, when the punishment procedure was terminated the rats’ rate of responding returned to pre-punishment levels (Holth, 2005). The second theory compares punishment to reinforcement. This theory was supported by researchers Fantino and Logan in 1963, who believed punishment and reinforcement were symmetrical processes (Holth, 2005). The definition of…

formed two operant conditioning techniques to establish a positive reinforcement for a child who was engaging in behaviors that was affecting others. As a psychologist, I first knew the importance of establishing a relationship with the child, the introduce the first operant conditioning by using the avoidance learning method and lastly the second operant conditioning method by using a positive reinforcement. To…

learning, positive and negative reinforcement as well as avoidance theories, learned helplessness, and social observational theory to help explain why depression may be a possible consequence of being bullied. Workplace bullying behaviours involve…

Influential psychologist, B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning. It’s the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, reinforcements or punishments which make it less likely that the behavior will occur again. A positive reinforcement is one of the best ways to encourage your kids. It allows the child to grow more confident and independent. Skinner designed an Operant Conditioning Box - also known as Skinner's Box - to prove his theory. He placed a rat that…