Spinal cord

Richard the Third is a monumental piece of history for more than just being the last king of York. Richard died in the battle of Bosworth Field and is known as one of the top fighters of his time. However, years later when a team of anthropologists and archaeologists finally found his lost remains they came across an unbelievable discovery; Richard had extreme scoliosis. Scoliosis is a disease that damages the curvature of the spine leading to other health complications. Richard’s form of this…

through the process of repetitive learning. After a focal brain injury, the degree of damage to the corticospinal tract correlates to the ability to recover motor function. If the pathway from the primary motor cortex to the motor neurons in the spinal cord is disrupted, secondary motor areas of the brain will be recruited. Secondary motor areas are less numerous and less excitatory; therefore, they will contribute to motor recovery, but will not provide exact substitutions for projections…

The defining characteristic of ALS is the death of the upper and lower motor neurons in the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord of the brain. Prior to their destruction, motor neurons develop protein components in their cellular bodies and axons. These components are often combined with and combining one of the proteins associated with ALS: SOD1, TDP-43, or FUS. These components…

The management of patients with spinal cord astrocytoma remains controversial, and there are currently no universally accepted treatment guidelines. As described in previous studies, the most significant predictor of survival in patients with SCA is the pathological grade of this disorder [4, 5, 12]. In the present study, similarly, patients who had low-grade SCA had a significantly better prognosis than those with high-grade SCA. Additionally, the role of surgical resection remains unclear,…

Many people have not heard of these diseases and maybe neither have you, but just imagine having to be a prisoner in your own body or losing your mind until you hurt yourself or someone else. When a disease like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is diagnosed a person suffers from a progressive Neurodegenerative disease where their muscles slowly become weaker until they are bound to a wheelchair or a bed, but there is one thing that is unaffected and that is their brain. They stay conscious…

present in ten to twenty percent of the population. One or more of the vertebra are not formed properly. (NINDS, 2013, para.4). Closed neural tube defects is the second type and consists of few symptoms that can cause a urinary dysfunction. The spinal cord has ether a malformation of fat, bone, or membranes. (NINDS, 2013, para.5). The third type of spina bifida is meningocele which consists of few symptoms but possibly paralysis. The protective coverings of the spine push out from the spine and…

provide instructions for making enzyme which is called beta-glcocerebrosidase. There are 4 types of Gaucher’s disease. Type 1 Gaucher’s disease is the most common form of this condition. Type 1 Gaucher’s disease doesn’t really affect the brain or the spinal cord (central nervous system) that’s why it’s also called non-neuropathic. Type 2 Gaucher’s disease is neuropathic it affects the central nervous system. This disease causes life threating medical problems in the start of nativity. Type 3…

one thing in common, the brain. The brain is the control center for human’s entire body, giving signals at all times on what to do or how to respond. Nerves that connect your body to the brain are responsible for gather information to give to the spinal cord to give to the brain so that it can make sense of the message. The adult brain weighs about 3 pounds, and is made of three major parts: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The forebrain is divided into three more parts called the…

order to explain the apoptotic nature of mutant SOD1 (Pasinelli et al. 2004). The methods that were used involve in vitro approaches and Western blot analysis. The outcomes were that mutant SOD1 and Bcl-2 interact with each other in vivo in the spinal cord, and they both together are pro-apoptotic (Pasinelli et al. 2004). In other words, Bcl-2 was an anti-apoptotic protein when standing alone, and when it directly interacted with mutant SOD1, the protein and the gene convert to pro-apoptosis, or…

The axial skeleton, 80 bones that comprise the head, neck, and trunk Theappendicular skeleton, 126 bones that form the extremities. Functions • The skeletal system provides protection for many of the vital organs, such as the heart, brain, and spinal cord. • The skeleton provides support for the soft tissues so that erect posture and the form of the body can be…