The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere

German Empire in the 19th century. With illiteracy rates decreasing, written word continued to gain a large audience. According to Berghahn (2005) it seem like newspapers, books, journals, and pamphlets demonstrated that there was a “functioning public sphere” within Germany society that was not active previously. The authoritarian society that could censor media at will was no longer effective as before. However, the authorities still were eager to express its power to this civil society, a…

program. She points out the different understanding of education and literacy between the locals and program planners and the locals who believe that education is a means to make women more efficient in their current gender roles in the domestic spheres…

Detroit community in the nineteenth century. David Katzman researched and carefully examined the history of Detroit’s black community up until 1870; which allowed him to provide a detailed historic overview. Katzman devotes each chapter to important structural factors of black Detroit. Residential location, and housing quality, the caste system isolating the community but upper-class Negroes from whites, black men and women occupations, the class system and operating in the Negro caste, and…

social issues that are otherwise misidentified or disregarded by the historically prevailing male viewpoint within social theory. Major parts of focus in feminist consists exclusion and discrimination on foundations of gender and sex, economic and structural inequality, objectification, oppression and power, and stereotypes and gender roles, amongst others. According to Agger (2006), feminism theory advocates for gender equality socially, politically, and politically. It does not subscribe to…

being biologically determined emphasized, in terms of western culture, that women were mediocre to men since they were associated in terms of domestic undertakings, hence, their primary role is reproduction and child care, while men and the public sphere of social responsibilities were co-related (Weber 1998, p.17). It was asserted that women wherever is associated with nature, to a degree due to their reproductive systems, while men were associated with culture. This is why nature compared…

When the country initially gained its independence from Britain in 1960, expectations were high that Nigeria would become an economic heavyweight in Africa. With abundant natural resources and a large population, it seemed the stage was set for success. However, despite earnings of more than $500 billion from oil sales during the period 1970 to 2007, the country still suffered from extreme poverty, illiteracy, and high debt. Several factors have been blamed for Nigeria’s troubles including…