Thyroid disease

elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with free thyroxine concentrations within the reference range, is a very common disorder that increases with age and affects up to 18% of the elderly, with a higher prevalence in women compared to men (Baumgartner, 2014). Subclinical hypothyroidism is often diagnosed when thyroid tests are ordered for non-specific symptoms such as depression, weight gain, or fatigue. FNP should decide if the patient’s symptoms are caused by a relative thyroid…

hypothyroidism is based on symptoms and the results of blood tests that measure the level of TSH and the level of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. The high level of TSH and low level of thyroid hormones as known as free T4 level indicate an underactive thyroid hormone or hypothyroidism. When the thyroxine level is low, the pituitary gland produces TSH to stimulate thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormone. TSH tests play an important role in managing hypothyroidism. They help the provider to…

Title Anatomical variation of the superior thyroid artery and its relation to the external laryngeal nerve. Introduction The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland located in the anterior triangle of the neck. It consists of two lobes, right and left, connected by an isthmus in the middle. The thyroid gland is mainly supplied by the superior thyroid artery, the first branch of the external carotid artery, and the inferior thyroid artery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the…

In recent years, thyroid nodules have become one of the common endocrine problems in the United States. The vast majority of thyroid nodules detected during physical examination are benign; however, 5-10% of palpable nodules prove to be malignant on biopsy (1, 2). On palpation, a solid thyroid nodule has a higher chance of being malignant (3,4). The American Thyroid Association and the American Society of Radiologists in the United States have defined various ultrasound (US) based prognostic…

Why am I having this test? The fractionated plasma-free metanephrines test is used to screen for a type of adrenal gland tumor called pheochromocytoma. You may have this test if you have symptoms of pheochromocytoma or a family history of this type of tumor. What is being tested? This test measures the amount of metanephrine and normetanephrine in your blood. Metanephrine and normetanephrine are substances that appear in your blood after adrenaline and other hormones break down. Increased levels…

on whether you can have a thyroid disorder and still practice the ketogenic diet. Why practice keto when you have hypothyroidism? There is a long answer with a lot of science behind it and I will not get into a lot of the detailed chemical reactions. The short answer is that yes you can practice keto when you have hypothyroidism. First we will learn what the thyroid gland does and what its responsibilities are. Then we will look at the different disorders of the thyroid and specifically what…

Other effects are potential health consequences on mammalian thyroid gland (Gu & Coates, 2006). The perchlorate ion is almost identical in size to the iodide ion and might be taken up into the mammalian thyroid gland. The perchlorate ion blocks the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) protein that generally acts as an iodide pump at the surface of the thyroid follicle. This is a competitive inhibition and consequently reversible when exposure to perchlorate ceases…

Iodine is essential on the new plant and this is why. Iodine is a key component of the hormones made in the thyroid gland. These hormones are absolutely critical to human health, helping to control energy production and utilization in nearly every cell of the body. David Brownstein explains in his books “Iodine: Why You Need It, Why You Can’t Live Without It”, how iodine is crucial in a person’s life by saying “My experience has shown that iodine in doses ranging from 6-50mg/day is adequate…

Triiodothyronine, with a chemical name of 3,3',5-Triiodothyronine (T3), is one of four thyroid hormones that exhibit biological activity, and contains 3 iodines and 2 tyrosine’s, as seen in Fig. 1. 20 % of T3 is formed from the amino acid tyrosine within specific follicle cells of the thyroid gland by the oxidative condensation of its biological precursors, monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine, and is then subsequently secreted into the bloodstream. The remaining 80% is produced from the…

Radioiodine (I-131) Therapy for Hyperthyroidism Radioiodine (I-131) therapy is a procedure to treat an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). The thyroid is a gland in the neck that uses iodine to help control how the body uses food (metabolism). In this procedure, you swallow a pill or liquid containing I-131. I-131 is manmade iodine that gives off radiation. This destroys thyroid cells and reverses hyperthyroidism. LET YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER KNOW ABOUT: • Any allergies you have.…