Vein

1. What does the PR interval on the ECG represent? What is the normal value? The P-R interval is the interval between the beginning of electrical excitation of the atria and the beginning of excitation of the ventricles and its normal value is 0.12- 0.20 seconds. 2. What does the QRS complex on the ECG represent? What is implicit in the information that the QRS complexes on Mr. Ortega’s ECG had a normal configuration? The QRS complex is the most important in the EKG since its represents…

During one year, the heart initiates approximately 32 million heartbeats to pump blood around the body, beating a total of 60-80 times per minute at a normal pace. It is a highly efficient organ and constantly works to keep our blood circulation going and ourselves alive. The high efficiency of the heart pumping system originates in a conductive system, which is linked to the Sinoatrial (S-A) and Atrioventricular (A-V) node. The Sinoatrial node, also known as the natural cardiac pacemaker, is…

The carotid-toe pulse wave velocity (PWV) increases more with age than the carotid-radial PWV. This is due to the reduction of elasticity in central arteries; the PWV of these arteries is included in the carotid-toe measurement but not the carotid-radial measurement. First of all, the propagative model of the circulatory system is used when examining PWV. This model consists of distensible arteries that end with resistance vessels, whose distributed elastic properties allow the generation of a…

Mr. P is a 76-year-old male who admitted for congestive heart failure (CHF), and cardiomyopathy. Mr. P is despondent and a poor historian regarding his health. The patient does not demonstrate any concern to improve his current acute health issues. The patient presents with 4+ pitting edema, moist crackles throughout lung fields, and labored breathing. Mr. P’s wife has stated that he does not adhere to any diet restrictions and cannot keep track of medications. Mrs. P is distressed over her…

1. Coronary perfusion is a crucial factor in meeting cellular oxygen demands, which of the following factor can cause the decline in coronary perfusion? a) Heart Rate b) Contractility c) High blood pressure d) Platelet aggregation and thrombosis Answer: D Answer Rationale: A. (Incorrect) Heart rate and coronary perfusion is not correlated. An increase or decrease in heart rate along does not necessarily impact the coronary perfusion. In most cases, it is the vasodilation and vasoconstriction…

TITLE: Afterload reduction and beneficial in the management of heart failure Jose R Tapanes International Institute for Health Care Professionals Abstract Afterload is the pressure in the wall of the left ventricle during ejection. In other words, it is the end load against which the heart contracts to eject blood. Afterload is divided into components: one factor is the aortic pressure the left ventricular muscle must overcome to eject blood. There is an inverse relationship between afterload…

Transposition of the Great Vessels Transposition of the great vessels is a heart condition that is present in infants at birth and often known as a congenital heart defect or the more common term is the transposition of the great arteries(TGA). TGA is when the two main arteries, the pulmonary artery and the aorta, are switched in position, or "transposed". As a normal heart, deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body is pumped from the right side of the heart through the pulmonary…

Blood Pressure: Systolic and Diastolic Abstract Blood pressure is when your heart beats and so it pumps blood back up to your body for it to have energy and oxygen. However, as your blood pushes it creates strength, so this creates blood pressure. Pulse is to see the rate of your heart going beats per minute. In this experiment, we gather data to see if the level of physical activity could affect the result of the systolic and diastolic measures in blood pressure and if the pulse would also be…

The heart is comprised of four chambers, the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and the left ventricle. The right atrium is the chamber which receives blood from the body that has been depleted from its oxygen and pumps it to the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps the blood from the right atrium over to the pulmonary artery which as the name would suggest means it goes to the lungs and the oxygen depleted blood is once again oxygenated. The left atrium of the heart then…

Agriculture is a practice of farming where it grows crops and nurture animals to provide food, wool, and other good products. The agricultural production is the main source for developing countries currency where those countries need to buy necessary machines and equipment for manufacture of agriculture. One of the most important crops in Asia agriculture production is the “miracle and amazing” rice that has been expanding for generation. As today’s society, many other countries around the world…