White blood cell

tumors originate from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. ECL cells are confined in the gastric fundus and corpus cells (L. Vannella et al., 2011). ECL cells have the task of secreting histamine, which leads the secretion of parietal cells (L. Vannella et al., 2011). Histamines are produced by the immune system, and in response causes inflammation. Parietal cells are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found…

this possibly, tissue typing or histocompatibility is used to minimize the chance of rejection of the recipient transplanted organ. The immune system attempts to defend the body against harmful substances such as germs, poisons, and sometimes, cancer cells. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gives the immune system the ability to distinguish between “self “and “nonself” antigens. Once the major histocompatibility complex distinguishes the antigen as “nonself” it will begin to reject the…

necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine which is produced by macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, keratinocytes and tumor cells [13]. It is produced during early inflammatory response. It mediates the production of other cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules [14]. It also increases vascular permeability, which leads to migration of activated immune cells to the site of infection [15,16]. TNF is a promoter of inflammation,…

Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the innate immune system and represent a first line of defense against pathogens and tumor cells. Involved in immune surveillance, NK cells patrol the body looking for infected or cancerous cells. While other immune cells recognize the presence of antibodies on the MHC receptor of infected cells before a response is initiated, NK cells have the ability to respond to stressed cells in the absence of the MHC receptor, allowing a much faster immune…

is not enough and they are similar to other disease too. It begins with complete blood count (CBC) test which provides the values of blood components. Normal children leukocyte average is 5,000-10,000 mm3, while red blood cells average is 3.8-6.0 x 1012/L, and Hemoglobin level is 95-205 g/L. The test measure also Hematocrit, and platelets. For acute lymphoid leukemia patients, the results change. The red blood cells, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and platelets show significant decrease. In…

lymph vessels and capillaries that carry the disease fighting cells known as lymphocytes. There are certain changes that occur as you age and are very normal. Your lymph nodes start to decrease in size and quantity. The weakening of this system increases your risk of…

by the immune cells as a response of the body to eliminate pathogenic bacteria when the periodontium is infected. These mediators responsible to initiate the inflammatory response are cytokines, prostaglandins, and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). As a result of the inflammation and the response of these mediators, the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth is destroyed. Eventually, if the inflammation continues, the tissue…

recruitment to the lung and facilitate transepithelial migration into the airway lumen. Airway epithelial cells are situated well to play a crucial role in host response by providing a physical and an immunological barrier to inhaled pathogens. This physical barrier mediated by epithelial cell-to-cell junctions inhibits pathogens from invading, and the immunological barrier is attained through epithelial cell recognition of bacteria and swift signaling to recruit phagocytes and clear the…

NK-cells (natural killers) represent a heterogeneous lymphocytes population of innate immune system. They have a natural cytolytic activity, are capable of producing cytokines and chemokines and are involved in the antiviral and antitumor body control. In the quiescent state, an average diameter of NK-cell is about 8.7 microns, while in the moment of its activation it may increase its size up to 10-12 microns (Ferlazzo et al., 2004). This feature was the reason for the initial determination of…

absorption, and tissue fluid recovery (Saladin, Sullivan, & Gan, 2015). The lymphatic system consists of 6 main types of lymphatic cells: B Lymphocytes (B Cells), Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, Natural Killer (NK) Cells, Reticular Cells, and T Lymphocytes (T Cells). The unique function of each cell is briefly described below. B Lymphocytes (B Cells): These lymphatic cells remain/mature in the bone marrow, are associated with the circulatory system and the lymph system (Farabee, 2001); they…