Narrative therapy was introduced with the chief objective of helping clients externalise their problems in order to separate the self from the problem (White & Epston, 1990; White, 2000; Wllis, Burns & Capdevila, 2011). The nature of narrative therapy assumes the client has sufficient inner resources; such as skills, abilities, commitments and beliefs, to alleviate the problem. Thereby, when clients believe their problems stem from their character, it is becomes more challenging to make changes and solve the problem (Bennett, 2008). Narrative therapy typically uses verbal means of externalisation, such as story telling, to help clients externalise the problems (Carr, 1988; Malchiodi, 2003) although other forms of expression such as art, has been found to be useful (Barron, 2016).
Effectiveness on Self-Esteem.
A small but accumulating body of evidence demonstrates that narrative-based therapy is effective in increasing self-esteem. Tutty, Babins-Wagner and Rothery (2016) found improvements in self-esteem and depression when domestically-abused …show more content…
All the boys were behind their cohort grade level and had low socioeconomic status. They also have a history of being abused, parental neglect or abandonment, PTSD, mood disorders, and misconduct. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was given before and after going through therapy, and a significant increase in self-esteem was found for the experimental group compared to the control. A similar study of 15 Tehran orphan female adolescents aged 10 to 14 of Torkaman Welfare Organization underwent eight weekly 1.5-hour group narrative drama therapy (Jafari, Hashemain & Mohammadi, 2015). The Coopersmith’s self-esteem inventory (Coopersmith, 1967) was implemented and a significant improvement on self-esteem was