What is Swanson’s Theory of Caring? In this theory, caring is defined as a “nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility” (Swanson, 1991, p.162). Kristen Swansongs interest on caring and miscarriage was developed during her doctorate study.
Early symptom of miscarriage is often vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal cramping and lower back pain. In the first trimester, Adolfsson (2011) stated, “of the women with vaginal bleeding symptoms …show more content…
The study which was conducted during 2002 to 2003, Swanson's theory was not incorporated. In 2004 to 2005 the same study was conducted except Swanson's Caring theory influenced the results of the study. With this study, the following problems were identified in the health care system: One was lack of communication between the patient and care provider. The public service nursing staff who answered the phone had lack of knowledge on miscarriage. Women with minor symptoms and anxiety were advised to wait and see whether their symptoms became acute, which often resulted in an emergency room visit. However, in the emergency room these patients did not receive a high priority. Late diagnosis of nonviable pregnancy and longer waiting period for D&C appointment was very stressful for the patient which can cause severe physiological and psychological