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What is Anthropology?
The Study of the Human experience from multiple perspectives.
- Encompasses both Culture and Biology.
What is Culture?
Human behaviour that is learned and shared by members of a society.
-Not Inherited Biologically
What are the 4 Subfields of Anthropology?
1. Sociocultural
- Holistic study of human behaviour
- Cross cultural studies(ethnologies)
2. Linguistics
- The study of human speech and language includes both the origins of language in general and analysis of specific languages
-There is an intricate link between language with culture
3. Archaeology
- The study of material remains left by cultures, primarily of the pastPrehistorical
- Historical
- Public archeology
4. Biological/Physical Anthropology
- Biological study of humans and their relatives within the framework of evolution and it’s relationship to culture
- Includes:
-humans as primates
- human ancestry
-Modern human variation
What are the 5 subfields of Physical Anthropology?
1.Paleoanthropology/Evolutionary Anthropology
- Study of human evolution, particularly through fossil remains
2. Molecular anthropology
- Genetics is crucial to understanding evolutionary relationships .Can examine the genetic relationships between:
- human populations
- humans and their primate relatives
-Humans and their primate ancestors
3. Primatology
- Study of non-human primate behavior & biology
-Primate paleontology – study of primate fossil record
4. Osteology
- Study of modern human skeletons.Bone biology & physiology
-Population relationships
-Paleodemography
-Paleonutrition
-Paleopathology
-Forensic Anthropology
5. Applied Anthropology - Application of anthropological principles and research in other fieldsPractical use of knowledge & expertise of anthropology
-forensic anthropology
- Medical anthropology
What is Linnaeus' Classificatory theory
Separated Humans into 5 beings:
-Americanus
-Europaeus
-Asiaticus
-Afer
-Monstrosus
What is Count de Buffon
"Varieties of the Human species" ?
-descriptive
-rejected classifications
-emphasized the unity of species
-behavioral and cultural biases
Early Physical Anthropology
Franz Boas (1902)
-"the mental life of mankind"
-"anatomical characteristics of the races of man"
Blumenbach
-skull shape and measurements to determine race
-Coined the term "caucasian
-Cranial capacity, phrenology (measurements)
What are the problems of classifying humans
-Humans are both the investigators and the subjects
-Inequalities and Injustices
What key points did Darwin and Wallace take from their studies?
-Selection is key to evolution
-Struggle for existance means that those individuals with favourable variations survive and reproduce more successfully
What 3 observations were made from darwin and Wallace's research?
-There is Biological Variation within all species
-All species are capable of reproducing at a faster rate than food supply
-There is Competition for limited resources
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