term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
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a symptom of mental illness characterised by a loss of contact with reality
*difficulty differentiating between whats real and whats not
1. Thought disorder
-form : disorganised
-content: delusions
2. distorted perception and reality
- hallucinations
3. flattened emotions
- blunted affect : lack of emotional expression; poor eye contact; poor facial expressions
- anhedonia: lack of pleasure in previously enjoyable activities.
4. Disordered motor beh
- stereotypy
-catatonia
2+ of 5 characteristics / symptom present for significant portion of time over 1 month:
-dellusions
-hallucinations
-disorganised speech
-grossly disorganised or catatonic beh
-neg symptoms
1) prodromal stage
ie a slow deterioration from normal function during late adolenscence
2) active stage = unambiguous signs of psychosis
3) residual stage ie following gradual recovery from symptoms. positive symptoms are no longer present but neg may still be present.
-not always reached
-or alternation between active and residual stages.
-schizophrenia most common psychotic disorder listed in the DMS
- 0.5-2% across countries and cultures, no gender differences.
- age of onset: 18-25 years (later for women)
- higher in immigrant population - may be due to misunderstanding of cultural factors in the manifestation of mental health issues
Genetics:
48% MZ twins
17% DZ twins
children 13%
siblings 9%
Neurotransmitters
dopamine hypothesis - brain of schizophrenic patients produce more dopomine than normal
Neuroanatoical abnormalities
- enlarged ventricles
-reduced volume and activity in temporal and frontal cortex
-neurodevelopmental model
Enviromental influences, parenting
psychodynamic approaches- role of parents: schizophrenogenic mother
Epressed emotion: hostile attitude, critical comments, emotional overinvolement
communication devianc : RD Laing and anti-psychiatry etc. and other psycho-social explinations
Cognition
- source monitoring deficits
- attentional biases
- excessive threat anticipation
- theory of mind deficits
- external locus of control externalizing attributional bias.
-frontline: medication
-psych therapies/psychotherapy
fam therapy
psycho ed
CBT
plus many other therapeutic approaches
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