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Atom
Is the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element
Background Radiation
Ionizing radiation that is always present in our environment.
Such as:
1. Cosmic radiation from outer space
2. Terrestrial radiation from the earth and its environments (Radon Gas)
3. Naturally occurring radionuclides that are deposited in our bodies by inhalation and ingeston.
Beta Particle
A form of particulate radiation/ High speed negative electrons
Coherent Scattering
Radiation that is scattered when a low- energy x-ray passes near an atoms' outer electron.
How much of the of the interactions of matter with the dental x-ray beam are the result of coherent scattering?
8%
Compton Effect (scattering)
Only a part of the dental x-ray energy is transferred to the electron, and a new weaker x-ray is formed and scattered in some new direction opposite of the original x-ray.
Photoelectric effect
all or nothing energy loss
the x-ray imparts all its energy to an orbital electron of some atom
All of the energy from the photon is absorbed by the displaced electron in the form of Kinetic energy
Decay
Is unstable isotopes that are radioactive and attempt to regain stability through the release of energy
Electrons have what kind of charge and are constantly doing what around the nucleus?
Has a Negative Charge and constantly in motion orbiting the nucleus
Protons have what kind of charge and determines what?
Has a positive charge
The number of protons in a nucleus of an element determines its atomic number
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