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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organismal Ecology
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behavioral, morphological, physiological respones of an organisms to its biotic/abiotic environment
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Population Ecology
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growth and regulation of population size
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Community Ecology
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Interactions such as predator-prey and competition that affect community structure
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Ecosystem Ecology
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energy flow and chemical cycles
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Landscape Ecology
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interactions among linked ecosystems
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dispersal
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helps in comprehending both geographic isolation in evolution and broad patterns of current geographic distrubution
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Accidentally introduced species into US that were bad
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Zebra Mussel
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Purposefully introduced species into US that were bad
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African Honeybee
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How temperature affects distribution
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most cannot maintain body temps different than ambient temps
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How water affects distribution
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Must maintain water balance, must obtain/conserve enough water
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How Sunlight affects distribution
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ORganisms require for energy, photosynthesis
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How wind affects distribution
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Increases rate heat/water loss, plant morphology
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Affect of Rocks and Soil on distribution
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physical structure/ph/minerals affect distribution of all
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Climate includes
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Temperature, Water, Light, Wind
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Biomes
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major types of ecosystems found in broad geographic regions
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what affects Earth's seasons
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tilt and shape
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Tropics recieve _____ amt and ____ variation
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great amt, little variation
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Strong solar radiation near equator causes
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global circulation of air (precipitation and winds)
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mountains affect solar radiation how?
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southern side of mtns get most sunlight
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how do mtns affect temperature?
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southern side is warmer and drier, the higher above sea level, the colder it becomes
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how do mtns affect rainfall?
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Rain collects over the sea, falls on windward side of range, leeward side is cool and dry --> desert
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turnover
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brings oxegynated water from surface to bottom and nutrient water fom nottom to surface in spring and autumn
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winter has ___ oxygen at surface
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medium, high in middle
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summer has ___ oxygen at surface
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high, very little medium content, low at bottom
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microclimate
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climate on a small scale, differences in abiotic features, affect distribution
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marine biomes have at least __ % salt concentration
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3 %, <1% in freshwater
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evaporation of seawater provides what
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rainfall
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ovean temps have affect on
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world climate and wind patterns
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photic zone
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enough light for photosynthesis
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aphotic zone
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litttle light for photosynthesis
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thermocline
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separates warm surface waters from cold deep water
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benthic zone
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bottom substrate, home to benthos which is fed by detritus
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littoral zone
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shallow waters close to shore
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limnetic zone
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occupied by plankton, open surface farther from shore
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profundal zone
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detritus sinks to, deep aphotic and benthic
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oligotrophic lakes
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deep, clear, nutrient poor, non reproductive
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eutrophic lakes
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shallow, nutrient rich, large productive communities
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mesotrophic lakes
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moderate nutrients/plankton
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wetland
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area covered with water that supports aquatic plants
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estuary
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area where freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean, very productive biome
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intertidal zone
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where land meets water
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neritic zone
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shallower regions over the continental shelves
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oceanic zone
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past the continental shelf, reaching very great depths
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pelagic zone
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open water of any depth
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coral reefs are made of
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hard skeletal structures of calcim carbonate
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ocean pelagic biome
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constantly mixed by ocean currents, most of oceans waters far from shore
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abyssal zone
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very deep benthic communities, cold, high water presure, no light, no nutrients
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deep sea hydrothermal vents
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dark, hot, O poor, volcanic activitylike
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canopy
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uppermost layer of vegetation
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vertical stratification
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layering in a forest, different envirnments
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permafrost
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root layer in artic tundra shallow
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rtropical forests
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variations in rainfall --> t. dry , t. deciduous, t. rain
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savannas
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grasslands, restricted vegetation by fires large mammals
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deserts
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hot or cold dry
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chaparral
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mild, rainy winters, hot dry summers, densy spiny evergreen shrubs dominate
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temperate grasslands
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deep/rich soil w/ nutrients
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temperate decidious forests
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midlatitude regions, adequate moisture
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coniferous forest
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harsh winters, heavy snowfall
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tundra
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dwarfed vegetation, cold
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