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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
____ is often referred to as the present key to the past
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Uniformitarianism
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Which one the following clays is produced from chemical weathering?
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Dissolved ions and clays.
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The ___ ion at the center of a silicate tetrahedron is surrounded by four
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Si, O
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What are vesicles?
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Open spaces formed in the rock as the lava solidified around gas bubbles
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The ___ forms the relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics.
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Mesophere
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Decompression melting is the cause for magmas erupting in volcanoes at this location:
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Iceland
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Which scientific law is most useful for relative age dating of strata?
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Fossil succession
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What is the most important role in physical weathering?
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Increaseed surface area.
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Which is most likely to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano?
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High viscosity, high dissolved gas content.
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What is used for studying rocks with a polarizing microscope?
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thin sections
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Which mineral would you least likely find in a mature sandstone
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augite
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A cherty limestone would contain which major constituents?
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silica, calcite
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In the rock cycle, an igneous rock can subsequently be
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any combination
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Clastic sedimentary rocks are named on what basis?
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grain sizes of the detrital particles
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Why is yellowstone such a dangerous volcano?
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Super calderas have enormous explosive potential
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Flint, chert and jasper are microcrystalline minerals with a formula of
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SiO2
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You're examining a rock with two predominant mineral grains easily visible to the unaided eye; they're of similar size. You see visible quartz and also a mineral whose chemical composition is determined to be KAlSi3O8, The best name for this rock is:
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Granite
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What is the primary factor producting textural maturity of a clastic sedimentary rock?
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Transport distance
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A snowflake is a mineral
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True
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The active Hawaiian volcanoes are sitauated directly above a major boundary between two of the Earth's largest tectonic plates.
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False.
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Calcite and dolomite are dimorphic
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False
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Olivine and pyroxene that crystallize at high temperatures are generally much less susceptible to chemical weathering at the earth's surface than quartz.
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False
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Mud cracks in a shale or mudstone indicate the the mud or clay was deposited in deep waters of an offshore marine environment.
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False
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Viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica.
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True
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Plutonic rocks are intrusive and generally consist of mineral grains coarse enough to be readily visible in a hand sample.
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true
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Flint, chert and jasper are microcrystalline minerals with a formula of
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SiO2
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You're examining a rock with two predominant mineral grains easily visible to the unaided eye; they're of similar size. You see visible quartz and also a mineral whose chemical composition is determined to be KAlSi3O8, The best name for this rock is:
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Granite
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What is the primary factor producting textural maturity of a clastic sedimentary rock?
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Transport distance
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A snowflake is a mineral
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True
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The active Hawaiian volcanoes are sitauated directly above a major boundary between two of the Earth's largest tectonic plates.
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False.
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Calcite and dolomite are dimorphic
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False
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Olivine and pyroxene that crystallize at high temperatures are generally much less susceptible to chemical weathering at the earth's surface than quartz.
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False
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Mud cracks in a shale or mudstone indicate the the mud or clay was deposited in deep waters of an offshore marine environment.
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False
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Viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica.
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True
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Plutonic rocks are intrusive and generally consist of mineral grains coarse enough to be readily visible in a hand sample.
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true
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Flint, chert and jasper are microcrystalline minerals with a formula of
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SiO2
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|
You're examining a rock with two predominant mineral grains easily visible to the unaided eye; they're of similar size. You see visible quartz and also a mineral whose chemical composition is determined to be KAlSi3O8, The best name for this rock is:
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Granite
|
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What is the primary factor producting textural maturity of a clastic sedimentary rock?
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Transport distance
|
|
A snowflake is a mineral
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True
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The active Hawaiian volcanoes are sitauated directly above a major boundary between two of the Earth's largest tectonic plates.
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False.
|
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Calcite and dolomite are dimorphic
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False
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Olivine and pyroxene that crystallize at high temperatures are generally much less susceptible to chemical weathering at the earth's surface than quartz.
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False
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Mud cracks in a shale or mudstone indicate the the mud or clay was deposited in deep waters of an offshore marine environment.
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False
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Viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica.
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True
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Plutonic rocks are intrusive and generally consist of mineral grains coarse enough to be readily visible in a hand sample.
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true
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What are the three principle types of lithospheric plate bounaries.
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Convergent, divergent, transform
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Name 7 of the 8 most important igneous rock forming silicate minerals
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plagioscape feldspar, muscovite mica, biotite mica, orthoclase feldspar, quartz, olivine, plagioclase feldspar
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Seven of 8 most important elements found in igneous rock forming silicate materials
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Si, Mg, Na, Ca, K, Al, Fe
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Three most important sedimentary rock forming non-silicate minerals
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Calcite, Dolomite, Gypsum
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The physical property denoting a minerals tendancy to split along parallel, planar surfaces is known as what?
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cleavage
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What term describes the larger mineral grains in porphyritic igneous rock
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phenocrysts
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Igneous rocks are classified on the basis of which two main characteristics
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Composition, texture
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