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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When (At the time) A occurs, B happens?
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• Plain form verb (Any tense)
• い Adjective • な Adjective [な] + とき(時) + (Event B) • Noun の |
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Doing two actions at the same time?
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• Verb stem ながら Verb 2
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How long does it take?
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• どのぐらいかかりますか。
• # (Hours, periods, minutes...) ぐらい かかります |
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Easiest ~ After (event A) I did (event B)?
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• そして
• それから |
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Noun Only ~ After (event A) I did (event B)?
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• Noun + のあとで Second action
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Verb Only (1) ~ After (event A) I did (event B)?
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• て Form verb + (から) Second action
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Verb Only (2) ~ After (event A) I did (event B)?
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• Verb (Plain past form) + あとで Second action
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Verb Only ~ Before (event B) I did (event A)?
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• Verb (Plain form) + まえに First action
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Noun Only ~ Before (event B) I did (event A)?
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• Noun + のまえに First action
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To begin doing something.
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• Verb (Plain) ように なる/なります
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Please don't.
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• Verb (Plain negative form) で下さい
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Please do.
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• て Form Verb 下さい
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Had better not.
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• Verb (Plain negative form) ほうがいいです
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Had better.
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• Verb (Plain past form) ほうがいいです
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You don't have to.
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• Verb (Plain negative form) [ない] くてもいいです
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It doesn't matter if you do or not.
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• て Form Verb も Same verb (Plain negative form) [ない]
くてもいいです |
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Have to. (Formal)
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• Verb (Plain negative form) [ない] ければなりません
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Have to. (Informal)
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• Verb (Plain negative form) [ない] ければならないんです
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You have to. (Polite) 1
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• Verb (Plain negative form) といけません
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You have to. (Polite) 2
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• Verb (Plain negative form) [ない] くて は いけません
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You have to. (Polite) 3
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• Verb (Plain negative form) [ない] ければなりません
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You have to. (Casual)
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• Verb (Plain negative form) [ない] くちゃ
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You should not/You are not allowed to
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• て Form Verb は いけません
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To become
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• Noun に
• な Adjective [な] に • い Adjective [い] く + なる/ なります |
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Adverbs that are not adjectives
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• Clearly = はっきり
• Slowly = ゆっくり • With all one's might = いっしょうけんめい • Completely = すっかり • As ... as possible = できるだけ (たくさん/よく...) |
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な Adjectives to Adverbs
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• な Adjective [な] に + Verb
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い Adjectives to Adverbs
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• い Adjective [い] く + Verb
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Bringing and taking someone
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• つれて +
• いく = To take • きる = To bring along |
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Have, bring and taking something
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• もって +
• いる = To have • いく = To take • きる = To bring along • かえる = To take home o Example: こうえんに いぬ こってきましょう。 o Let's take the dog to the park. |
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Looking forward to something
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• Noun を たのしみに しています/まっています/してまっています
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Is easy to do/Is hard to do
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• Verb stem + やすい/にくい
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Giving a reason 2
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• Noun + な
• な Adjective + な Ending +ので • い Adjective • Verb (Plain form, any tense) o Can do negative and any tense. |
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Giving a reason
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• Noun (Plain ending)
• な Adjective (Plain ending) +から • い Adjective • Verb (Any tense) o Example: Because I hate school, I won't go. o (Reason comes FIRST) o Can do negative and any tense. |
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Making requests
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• Formal = て Form くださいませんか
• Polite = て Form くれませんか • Polite = て Form ください • Informal = て Form くれない |
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Asking if this is Ok?
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• Very formal = よろしいでしょうか
• Formal = よろしいですか • Polite = いいですか • Informal = いい? |
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Asking if this is convenient
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• Very formal = いかがでしょうか
• Formal = いかがですか • Polite = どうでしょうか • Informal = どうですか • Very informal = どう? |
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If you do this, this will happen
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• (Plain form ending) Verb/Adjective/Noun と Outcome
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First time
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• Subject は はじめてです
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Expressing strong feelings
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• て Form adjective
o Example: It's unbearably hot. たまりません • たい Form verb たいくて o Example: I can't wait to watch Harry Potter. |
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Indicating uncertainty
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• (いadjective/なadjective/noun [ANY TENSE, POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE]) でしょう
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Indicating a purpose
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• Verb stem/Noun + に + Verb of motion(行く/かえる/来る)
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Quotes
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• Person は Plain sentence + Ending と いいます
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Doing this, that and the other and so on...
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• (Plain past tense verb) + り (Plain past tense verb) + り + します/してすごしました (Spent time)/してたのしみました (Had fun)
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Indicating intention
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• Plain verb + つもりです/でした(I was going to, but)
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Making a decision
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• Plain verb + ことにしました
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Changing adjectives to nouns
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• Adjective + い/な + の
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Saying how something appears
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• い Adjective い
• な Adjective な + そう(です) • Verb ます |
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Someone receives something
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• Giver は Reciever に Noun を あげます
• Giver は Reciever に Noun を て form verb あげます • Billy gave Danny a book. |
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Someone gives something
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• Reciever は Giver に Noun を もらいます
• Reciever は Giver に Noun を て form verb もらいます • Danny received a book from Billy |
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Someone gives me something
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• Giver は Me/Us に Noun を くれます
• Giver は Me/Us に Noun を て form verb くれます • Billy gives a book to me. |
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Saying something might happen/perhaps
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• Plain adjective (Any tense)
• Noun + かもしれない/かもしれません • Verb (Plain, any tense) |
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Giving an opinion
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• いadjective/Plain verb と 思います
• なadjective/Noun だ と 思います • Verb stem たい 思います (I think I'd like to) |
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A compared to B
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• A は B とくらべて どう ですか/おもいますか
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Asking which is more ... Out of A or B
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• Noun A と Noun B と
• いAdjective のと いAdjective のと + どっち が + Adjective と思いますか • なAdjective +な のと なAdjective + な のと + どっち の方が + Adjectiveですか • Plain Verb A のと Plain Verb B のと + どちら (Formal) |
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Answering Comparison Questions (Singular answer)
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• Noun の方が
• いAdjective 方が • なAdjective +な 方が Adjective です/と思います • Plain Verb 方が |
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Answering Comparison Questions (Double answer)
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• Noun A の方が Noun B
• いAdjective 方が いAdjective • なAdjective +な 方が なAdjective より です/と思います • Plain Verb 方が Plain Verb |
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Of groups, stating that something is the most...
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• Group では/の中で (は) Subjectが 一ばん Adjective/thing です
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Out of... The most... one is...
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• Group で 一ばん Adjective の/こと は Thing/event です
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Out of... What is the most...?
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• Group で 一ばん Adjective の/こと/Noun は Thing/event 何ですか
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Comparing three or more...?
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• Noun A と Noun B と Noun C と
• いAdjective のと いAdjective のと いAdjective のと • なAdjective+な のと なAdjective+な のと なAdjective+な のと • Plain Verb + のと Plain Verb + のと Plain Verb + のと • + (では)どれ/だれ が 一ばん Adjective ですか |
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Comparing 2 - Something is like something
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• Noun A は Noun B と おなじくらい Adjective です
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An explanation (Conversation only)
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• ... Plain form sentence のです Or んです
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Experience
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• Plain Past Verb ことがあります
o Do not use time word o Do not end with ありました |