“As the problem of drug prescriptions for controlled substances continue to soar, there were 6.4 million Americans using prescription-type psychotherapeutic drugs non medically. Of the 6.4 million, 4.7 million use pain relievers (“Abuse”). The use of prescriptions will always be misused there is no way to resolve this problem, and it’s always going to be a dramatic increase in prescription drug abuse. Abusers will have temptation to relapse. Misuse of an addiction to opioids is a national problem that affects public wealth as well as social and economic welfare.…
This patient is taking acetaminophen with hydrocodone in order to relief the pain caused by the osteoarthritis. Hydrocodone is an opioid that acts on the central nervous system and smooth muscle and help with the pain relief in the joints. In contrast analgesic effect of acetaminophen implies the peripheral nerves system. ( NIH,2015). Both components act in reducing the patient’s moderate to severe pain involving hands and knees.…
Xanax Use and Abuse Prescriptions are written by doctors multiple times a day. The real problem is many of the prescription drugs are not only taken by the ones they are prescribed for. Prescription drugs come in many different shapes, sizes and colors. However, they can all be harmful if they are misused. Xanax, being one of the most commonly misused prescription drug, is very dangerous.…
Adderall is combination drug of stimulants, amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which are used in this medicine to treat people with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactive Disorder (ADD/ADHD). It is a total treatment plan for psychological and social disorders and other treatments. Adderall may help to increase the ability to pay attention, concentrate, stay focused and stop moving so frequently. Like any other thing or medicine, too much is never good. People should only take certain medicines if and only if they are diagnosed with a disorder or disease and they are given a prescription for a medicine to treat them.…
According to the DEA ( Drug Enforcement Administration) a schedule lll drug is drugs, substances or chemicals with a moderate potential for physical and higher psychological dependence. One of these many schedule lll drugs is Ketamine. A few common street names Ketamine is known by is Cat Tranquilizer, Jet, Kit Kat, Purple K and Special La Coke. This paper examines the historical origins of ketamine, its present use today, and the future of Ketamine. This drug is typically packaged with most common house hold items- small plastic baggies, aluminum foil folds but all so in glass vials and capsules.…
Acetaminophen is one of the most widely used analgesics and anti-pyretics around the world1. Because of its safety, acetaminophen is the most common drug used in children for the relief of fever and pain2, 3. It is available in both oral (tablet & liquid) and rectal forms (suppositories). Various research studies have indicated that both forms have potential efficacy for the treatment of fever in children; however, there may be variations in administration, absorption and toxicity4-6. The oral form is the more common and acceptable form of administration among physicians.…
An increasing social issue within America is the abuse of substances such as heroin and other similar opioid painkillers. Opioid painkillers are taken as prescription painkillers provided by doctors for serious pain. It is estimated that almost 25 million Americans use opioid painkillers for nonmedical reasons (Dart et al, 2015). And this number seems to be increasing steadily and within suburban areas. Overtime many patients were taking painkillers for nonmedical reasons and became addicted to them.…
Opioid Opioids are drugs naturally found in the opium poppy plant. Some prescription opioids are made from the plant directly and some are made from scientists in labs using the same chemical structure (“Opiate Effects”). Opioids are used to make the body feel relaxed and treat moderate to severe pain, making it very easy to become dependent or addicted ("Opiate Effects”). Prescription opioids have many different effects on the body, both long-term and short-term.…
Opioids are among most abused high addictive medications in the USA; mainly they are used to relief pain. Opioids are an umbrella that covers many different drug substances, both natural and synthetic. Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the opium poppy plant. It has been used for numerous different reasons such as medical, recreational, and religious. Historians reference the opium discovery and use is in 3400 B.C. when the opium poppy was cultivated in lower Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq and Syria and Iran.…
Introduction Opioids are substances derived from the opium poppy, or engineered analogs with similar impacts. Some drugs in this class are morphine, heroin, tramadol, oxycodone and methadone. Opioids can possibly bring about substance dependence that is portrayed by a powerful urge to take opioids, disabled control over opioid use, relentless opioid use notwithstanding destructive results, a higher need given to opioid use than to different exercises and commitments, expanded resistance, and a physical withdrawal response when opioids are stopped (Information sheet on opioid overdose, 2014). An opioid overdose can be classified by three signs and symptoms called the “opioid overdose triad”.…
An Opioid is a medication that lessens pain; this is achieved by reducing the intensity of pain signals from the central nervous system’s location, inside the amygdala, which controls emotion which will decrease the effects of pain slowly. An example of these types of medication is Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, Morphine, Codeine, and other drugs with related functions. They are often prescribed for a variety of painful conditions as well as before and after surgery. However, all of these are used recreationally and have entirely different names for each one. Their prescription names are: “Actiq, Duragesic, Sublimaze, OxyContin, Percodan, Percocet, Tylox, Dilaudid” (“What Are Opioids?…
Paracetamol is one of the world’s most beneficial and resourceful analgesic and is widely used in present day. An analgesic, can be defined, as a chemical compound that relieves pain, reduces fever and inflammation. It works by hindering the enzyme cyclooxygenase which acts a catalyst to convert fatty acids to prostaglandins. Prostaglandins cause pain and inflammation to peripheral and central points in the nervous system2. Paracetamol, or Acetaminophen is created by the synthesis and preparation of an amide.…
Introductions: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize acetaminophen and esters in order to apply the process of retrosynthetic analysis to determine the unknown alcohols used to produce the esters. Acetaminophen, a popular active ingredient in many over-the-counter drugs, is used as a pain reliever and a fever reducer. It is synthesized from the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine; thus, acetaminophen contains hydroxyl and amide functional groups.1 C6H7NO + C4H6O3 C8H9NO2 + C2H4O2 This reaction is commonly known as a condensation reaction.…
Johnson and Johnson (JnJ) is the world’s sixth-largest customer health company, the world’s best all-inclusive medical devices business; also, the world’s sixth-largest biologics corporation and the world’s fifth-largest pharmaceuticals firm. JnJ headquarters is in New Brunswick, New Jersey; it has over 265 companies operating in more than 60 countries, employing over 126,000 persons (Johnson and Johnson, 2015). In this paper, I will discuss the 1982 cyanide-laced Tylenol crisis that hit JnJ and their crisis management response. Starting with their responsiveness, spokesman, and message, continuing to their publics, and planning, then, their ethics, recovery strategy, and their overall results.…
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the presence of the analgesic compounds acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, and salicylamide in the over-the-counter medications Anacin, Bufferin, Excedrin, and Tylenol. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze solutions of the medications; the TLC plates were visualized using ultraviolet light and iodine staining. The ten micropipets used to spot the TLC plates were made from glass capillary tubes by heating the middle of each tube in a Bunsen burner flame, pulling the ends of the tube away from each other so that the middle was stretched into a thinner tube, and breaking the cooled capillary in the middle to form two micropipets. Two silica-gel TLC plates were spotted with solutions…