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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name and locate 8 major arteries.
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- temporal (head)
- carotid (neck) - brachial (around elbow) - radial (wrist) - femoral (between pubis and iliac spine) - popliteal (calf) - dorsalis pedis (top of foot; extensor to great toe) - posterior tibial (by medial malleolus) |
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Name 6 major veins.
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- jugular
- arm: superficial and deep - leg: deep, superficial, and perforators |
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What does distension in the neck veins indicate?
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- potential heart failure
- right side of the heart not draining properly |
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What does the right lymphatic duct drain?
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- empties lymph from right arm and corner top right of body into right subclavian vein
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What does the thoracic duct drain?
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- empties lymph from the rest of the body into left subclavian vein
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What is the purpose of a lymph node?
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- filters out microorganisms
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What is the purpose of the spleen?
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- destroys red blood cells
- produces antibodies - stores red blood cells - filters mircroorganisms |
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What do the tonsils respond to?
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- local inflammation
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What is the function of the thymus in children and in adults?
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- development of T lymphocytes in children
- no function in adults |
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What developmental considerations must be taken into account in infants and toddlers?
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- excessive lymphoid response
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What considerations must be taken into account for pregnant females?
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- vasodilatation (uni- or bilateral edema in legs, varicosities, and hemorrhoids)
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What is arteriosclerosis?
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- hardening of the arteries
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What is artherosclerosis?
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- plaque build-up
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What 5 questions are asked to collect subjective data when assessing the peripheral vascular system?
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- leg pains or cramps?
- skin changes on arms or legs? - swelling in the arms or legs? - lymph node enlargement? - medications? |
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What is claudication distance?
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- the number of blocks walked or stairs climbed to produce leg pain
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What medications may affect the peripheral vascular system?
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- birth control pill
- hormone replacements - anti-hypertensives |
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What does bilateral edema indicate? What does unilateral edema indicate?
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- bilateral: systemic problem
- unilateral: local obstruction or inflammation |
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What are the 6 "P"s of arterial insufficiency?
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- Paresthesia
- Pain - Poikilothermia (coolness) - Pallor - Pulselessness - Paralysis |
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What is noted upon inspecting and palpating the arms?
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- color, temperature, turgor, lesions
- profile sign (clubbing) - capillary refill - symmetry (edema) - radial and brachial pulses - epitrochlear lymph node |
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What does each point on the Pulse Grading System indicate?
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- 0 = no pulse
- 1+ = weak, "thready" - 2+ = normal - 3+ = increased - 4+ = bounding |
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What does the Modified Allen Test evaulate?
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- evaluates adequacy of collateral circulation
- adequate circulation is a return of the hand’s normal color in approx. 2 – 5 seconds |
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What do you look for upon inspection and palpation of the legs?
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- color
- temperature - hair distribution - venous pattern - size - lesions or ulcers |
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What does Homan's sign indicate?
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- possible deep vein thrombosis
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What 6 peripheral artery pulses are graded during objective assessment?
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- radial
- brachial - femoral - popliteal - dorsalis pedis - posterior tibial |
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What does each point on the Pitting Edema Grade scale indicate?
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- 1+ = mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling
- 2+ = moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly - 3+ = deep pitting, indentation remains for short time, leg looks swollen - 4+ = very deep pitting, indentation lasts long time, leg is very swollen |
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What does the Manual Compression Test assess?
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- valve competence
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What does elevated pallor or dependent rubour indicate?
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- arterial insufficiency
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When is the Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope used?
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- to detect a very weak peripheral pulse
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What does the Ankle Brachial Index measure?
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- the difference in ankle and brachial systolic pressure
- 0.90-0.70: mild claudication - 0.70-0.40: moderate to severe claudication - 0.40-0.30: very severe claudication - <0.30: ischemia with impeding tissue loss |
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What are the characteristics of an ischemic ulcer seen in chronic arterial insufficiency?
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- pale, ischemic base
- well-defined edges - no bleeding - seen around toes, metatarsal heads, heels - accompanied with coolness, pallor, diminished pulses, thin shiny skin, absence of hair |
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What are the characteristics of a venous stasis ulcer seen in chronic venous insufficiency?
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- bleeding
- uneven edges - brown pigment (hemosiderin) during RBC breakdown - seen around the medial malleolus - accompanied by thickened skin, normal pulses, petechiae, firm edema |
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When might a higher blood pressure be seen?
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- in females
- in African-Americans - during the day - in obesity - with exercise, emotions, stress |
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How might you prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
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- movement
- limit leg crossing - compression stockings - drink water - warfarin, heparin |