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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who developed Bobo doll experiment? |
Albert Bandura |
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What happened in Bobo doll experiment? |
group of preschool children watched adults display aggression towards inflatable Bobo doll; kicking, punching, hitting w/ malette, throwing across room |
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Findings of Bobo doll experiment |
1. aggressive behavior in children who watched aggression in adults = significantly higher than those in control group 2. imitated aggression on doll 3. WE IMITATE THINGS IN OUR ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE REINFORCED |
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a person who commits an action that intentionally hurts another
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aggression |
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develops when children understand they can distress another and they can make another do something they desire when distressed |
aggression |
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how do children display aggression shortly after birth? |
vigorous cries crying when other babies cry |
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2 significant tasks of younger children |
1. learning to control aggression/anger 2. developing empathy |
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directed in order to obtain an item/toy |
instrumental aggression |
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children ages ( what to what ) increasingly show instrumental aggression towards siblings why? |
1-2 concerned about ownership over belongings |
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__ more likely to hit kick push or threaten to hurt others to obtain toys; influenced by socialization & practices (rough & tumble play |
boys |
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harming one another in form of hurting each other's feelings, withholding friendship or exclusion from a group |
relational aggression |
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relational aggression displayed more by __ - same effect as ___ aggression - until age 4, girls may show the same amount of physical aggressiveness as boys |
girls instrumental |
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because of social expectations girls are hostile in other ways; less visible to ___ , indirect and less.. - may use intimate bonds and information on friends as weapons against each other - motivating factors include: |
adults indirect & less physical fear, power, control, popularity, security |
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type of aggression 'person oriented,' aimed @ hurting another for revenge or establishing dominance; helps the aggressor obtain possessions |
hostile aggression |
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a learned aggressive behavior; can be both direct (instrumental) and indirect (relational) - can be physical sexual verbal or emotional |
bullying |
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ongoing, unprovoked physical or psychological abuse of a person by one student or a group of students which develops into a pattern of abuse & harassment; causes physical injury or mental trauma |
bullying |
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Who developed social learning theory? |
Bandura |
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theory behavior is learned by direct observation & reinforcements or rewards which will increase chances of one to imitate behavior |
social learning theory |
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major aspects of social learning through observation |
1. availability 2. attention 3. memory 4. motor reproduction process 5. motivation |
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desirable consequences follow from use of spanking, untoward consequences result from not spanking & responsible parenting includes punishment |
pro-corporal punishment |
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no spanking --> scare tactics |
anti corporal punishment |
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effects of spanking aren't necessarily negative or positive - depends on other conditions |
conditional corporal punishment |
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what is fundamental for developing empathy? |
understanding emotions of others |
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regulating oneself begins in ___; babies sooth themselves by sucking on pacifier - reading caregiver's face @ 6 or 7 months of age guides their behavior in certain situations |
infancy |
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two ways adults can help child develop empathy |
positive reinforcement direct instruction from adults |
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achieved in early childhood when both social & emotional sphere are highly developed |
socio-emotional competence |
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proposes that a hierarchial social structure is formed in order to control conflict, one group will be dominant & another group will subordinate to them |
dominance hierchy |
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consistent punishment ... inconsistent punishment... |
suppresses behavior causes more aggression |
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using reason to control aggression - intervene w/ aggressive behavior to explain |
cognitive training |
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__ __ believed that children can feel empathy with others at any age & will develop as child grows & matures |
martin hoffman |
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how many stages of empathy? |
4 |
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1st stage: 2nd : 3rd : 4th : |
first year age 2 early childhood years ages 6 - 9 |
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purposely displaying positive pro social behavior w/ which you want to follow |
explicit modeling and induction |
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adults explain to children how behavior is beneficial for that child & for others; helping others; feeling "grown up" |
explicit modeling & induction |
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learn to be aggressive due to rewards - connected w/ social learning view |
rewarding aggression |
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rewards may not be tangible but are psychological... 3 |
1. victims giving in / crying 2. paying more attention to behavior 3. laughing @ aggression |
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boys are aggressive because association w/ societal reinforcement...describe boy/ father relationship |
fathers are joyful when sons act aggressively, so sons feel satisfied knowing they're pleasing fathers |