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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Substantive Policy |
Creates, define and regulates rights |
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Administrative Policy |
administrative procedures to manage an organization |
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Reactive Policy |
Emerges in response to a concern or crisis that must be addressed |
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Proactive Policy |
introduces and pursued through deliberate choice |
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Food Security |
when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain healthy and active life |
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Food Safety |
encompasses actions aimed at ensuring that all food is as safe as possible. food safety policies and actions need to cover the entire food chain from production to consumption |
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Benefits of Food Safety |
prevent food borne illness, enhance food quality, profitability, decreased liability, use in marketing |
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Foodborne Illness |
Illness that is transmitted to humans through food and water and caused by an infectious agent, poisonous substance or physical hazard |
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Increased concern for Global Food Safety-why? |
Rapid urbanization, globalization, emerging diseases linked to food production, interconnected food chain |
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Clean |
free of visible soil, food residue and other foreign material |
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Sanitary |
free from harmful levels of contamination |
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Sterlization |
to be free of living microorganisms |
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Food Allergy |
involves the immune system |
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Food Intolerance |
adverse reaction that DOES NOT INVOLVE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM |
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Fooborne illness: 90% related to? |
Clostridium perfingens, campylobacter, salmonella |
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Goal of a food safety risk governance? |
Prevent, control and mitigate risks while ensuring health protection and fair trade practices |
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4 Hazards |
Allergen, biological, chemical, physical |
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Absolute Advantage |
can produce more of a particular good or service than other countries using the same resources |
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Comparative advantage |
can produce a particular good or service more efficiently than other goods or services. A country gains most by specializing in this |
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Opportunity cost |
value that a country forgoes to make one product rather than another |
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Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory: basic factors of production |
Land, labour, capital for investment, human capital |
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Factors that affect trade |
Sharing currency, geographically close, diplomatic relations, national security, domestic interests that may be hurt |
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Protectionism |
Use of specific barriers to restrict imports |
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Trade Barriers |
Government limitation on international exchange of goods. I.E: Tariffs, Quotas. |
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Who benefits from trade barriers? |
Government (increase revenue), domestic industries (reduce competition) |
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Benefits of Trade Barriers? |
Ensure quality, safe food, or to stop cheating |
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Consequences of Trade Barriers? |
Protectionism decreases competition so domestic producers gain by charging more and/or being less efficient and/or paying an elevated rate of factors; leaving consumers to pay more (redistribute effect) |
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Groups that lose due to trade barriers? |
Imported goods, exporters (concerned with relation), citizens may blame politicians for costs, society |
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As trade barriers come down- 2 pronged strategy has emerged? |
1. Strong food safety measures and standards, supported by enforcement 2. Cross national harmonization of domestic food safety measures and standards |
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HACCP |
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point |
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HACCP designed to control? (4) |
Physical, chemical, biological, allergen contamination |
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Goal of HACCP |
to eliminate or reduce the incidence of food borne illness and prevent food adulteration |
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Critical Control Point |
any point in the chain of food production from raw material to finished product where the loss of control could result in unacceptable food safety risk |
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Food manufacturers are motivated to improve food safety |
Improved market value, traceability of products, prevent losses, reputation, because its the right thing to do |
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Barriers to implementing? |
Cost, perception that current methods are sufficient, a lot of work to implement |
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Most effective way to slow the growth of bacteria? |
TEMPERATURE |
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Globalization |
Lengthening and increasing the complexity of the supply chain makes it more difficult to trace the hazards. food crisis spill over when hazards from one location spread to another. |
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Class 1 recall |
reasonable probability that the use of, exposure to, will cause adverse consequences or death |
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Class 2 recall |
situation in which the use may cause temporary adverse health consequences |
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class 3 |
not likely to cause any adverse health consequences |
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Product Withdrawal |
firms removal from further sale or use of a market product |
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Stock Recovery |
firms removal or correction of a violative product that has not been marketed |
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3 Major Trade Agreements |
NAFTA, CETA, TPP |
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NAFTA |
North American Free Trade Agreement (Canada, U.S., Mexico) -eliminate barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross border movement of goods, services between the parties |
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Benefits of NAFTA |
Increased export opportunity, lower tariffs, predicatable rules, reductions in technical barriers to trade, |
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Comprensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) |
Canada and EU. Make investment easier, create more predictable business environment |
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Trans Pacific Trade Partnership (TPP) |
40% of global trade, aim to open up markets to support expansion of exports |
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Global Food Safety Goal |
Safe food, free trade |
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EU - downfall? |
if one collapses they all do |
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Food Safety in the EU (3 objectives) |
1. ensure that food and animal feed are safe and nutritious 2. ensure a high level of animal health, welfare and plant protection 3. ensure adequate and transparent information about the origin, content/ labelling and use of food |
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zoonosis |
disease or infection that can be transmitted directly or indirectly between animals and humas |
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EU food labels |
allergens, nutrition value, manufacturer, seller, importer, storage conditions and preparation of certain foods, idenfitfy organic, geographical origin, GMOs must be labelled |
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Monitoring Foodborne Illness |
Surveillance, tracking, genetic fingerprinting |
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Active Surveillance |
tracks the incident of individual lab confirmation infections. Does NOT capture information about the food vehicle |
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Passive Surveillance |
may or may not identify the specific etiology causing the outbreak |
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Genetic Fingerprinting |
analyzes only lab confirmed illnesses cause by several specific pathogens, identifies outbreaks by connecting the "dots" |
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CFIA: Local |
food produced in the province or territory in which it is sold, or food sold across provincial borders within 50 km of the originating province or territory |
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Local in Ontario |
food produced or harvested in Ontario |
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Stake Holder |
One that has a stake in an enterprise, one who is involved in or affected by a course of action |
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Factors a foodservice manager must consider |
budget, patient needs, food costs/ prices, food safety requirements |
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Ethics |
Ethics refers to standards of behaviorus that tell us how human beings ought to act in many situations in which they find themselves |
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Utilitarian Approach |
Does the most good and the least harm. The end justifies the means |
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Fairness or justice approach |
All equals should be treated equally. Everyone is treated equally or unequally |
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Common Good Approach |
gives attention to the common conditions that are important to the welfare of others, may translate into a system of laws, health care, effective police departments |
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Virtue Approach |
ethical actions should be consistent with virtues such as honesty, courage, compassion, fairness and prudence. These virtues or habits help us to live to the highest potential of our character |
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Rights Approach |
ethical action protects and respects the moral rights of those affected. |