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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is tidal volume?
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volume inspired/expired per breath
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What is IRV?
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maximum inspiration at end of tidal inspiration
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What is ERC
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maxium expiration at end of tidal expiration
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What is TLC?
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Volume in lungs after maximum inspiration
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What is RLV?
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volume in lung after maximum expiration
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What is FVC
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maximum volume expired after maximum inspiration
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What is IC
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maximum volume inspired followin tidal expiration
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What if FRC
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volume in lungs after tidal expiration
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What is FEV1
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forced expiratory volume in the 1st second of FVC
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What are the critical values of FEV1?
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>2 little or no obstruction.
<1 severe obstruction. 1-2 moderate. |
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how much FVC should be exhaled within 1 second in FEV1?
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75%
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Key values for FEV1/FVC ratio.
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normal - 75%
obstructive <70%. restrictive >80%. |
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How much improvement after taking bronchodilators indicates a reversible disease?
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>15%
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what is a sign of retaining too much CO2?
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confusion, sluggishness.
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what kind of exercise for bad bad shape pulmonary patient?
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interval training
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what condition causes abnormal and permanent enalrgement of alveoli with alveolar wall destruction?
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emphysema
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what are clinical signs of ephysema?
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dyspnea,
prolonged expiration. barrel chest. flat diaphragm, hyper inflation. decreased BS, possiible wheezes or crackles. |
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what is bullous emphysema?
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alveolar sacs lose the eleasticity and trap the aior
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what are the treatment for bullous emphysema?
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pulmonary PT, low flow O2, lung volume reduction surgery.
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What 5 conditions reduce chest wall compliance?
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1. SCI.
2. kyphoscoliosis. 3. obesity. 4. trauma or rib fracture. 5. burn injury. |
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What 6 conditions reduce lung compliance?
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1. ARDS.
2. IPF. 3. Pneumonia. 4. Sarcoidosis. 5. Pulmonary Edema. 6. Pulmonary Emboli. |
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what systems to cystic fibrosis effect?
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pulmonary, pancreatic, GI tract
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whta are clinical signs of cystic fibrosis?
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carckles, rales, t/o both lung fields, increased fatigue and SOB.
increased sputum production, usually green and thick febrile, weight loss, increased respiratory work. clubbing, cyanosis. |
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what are treatments for cystic fibrosis?
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PD, P&V, aerobic exercise, coughing exercises, mechanical devices. (PEP, flutter valve, HFCC vest, IPV.
Lung transplant. |
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What is bronchiectasis?
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permanent abnormal dilation of bronchii.
destruction of elastic and muscular componenet of bronchii walls. |
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How to treat bronchiectasis?
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PD and P&V. Increase exercising tolerance. Decrease respiratory work.
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What are clinical signs of pneumonia?
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bacterial: crackles, decreased or absent BS, produced cough with rust colored sputum.
Viral: fever, dyspnea, crackles, persistent non-productive cough. |
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How to treat pneumonia?
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deep breathing exercises.
Coughing exercises. Positioning. (for nosocomial). Increased mobility. |
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What are signs of penumothorax?
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sharp pain, dyspnea, decreased chest wall expansion, dry cough, tachycardia, tachypnea, mediastinal shift of trachea.
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How to treat pneumothorax?
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chest tube placement.
deep breathing exercises. lateral costal expansion. |
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how to treat kyphoscoliosis?
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deep breathing and alteral costal expansion exercises.
trunk/thorax mobility. positioning, orthotic devices. |
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What is pulmonary hypertension?
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high pressure in pulmonary artery causing right heart to work harder and building up pressure.
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what is eisenmenger's syndrome?
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a congenital defect of the septal. Privarily VSD can also occur with PDA.
Initially left to right shunt. Patient can live w/out symptoms into adulthood. As pressure builds, a reversal of shunt now goes right to left. This develops pulmonary hypertension. |
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what are signs of eisenmenger's syndrome?
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similar to pulmonary hypertension.
also cyanosis. |
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how to treat eisenmenger's syndrome?
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surgical closure.
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