Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Foot and ankle joints
|
1. Talocrural
2. Subtalar 3. Midtarsal (transverse tarsal, rearfoot-midfoot, Chopart's) 4. Tarsometatarsal 5. MTP & IP |
|
Talocrural joint orientation and motions
|
- Joint axis: Not directly in frontal plane
- Motions: DF/PF |
|
Subtalar joint orientation and motions
|
Joint axis:
- 42 from transverse plane - 16 from mid-sagittal plane Motions: - Inversion - Eversion |
|
Midtarsal joints
|
1. Talonavicular joint
2. Calcaneocuboid joint |
|
Midtarsal joint motions
|
Pronation:
- Parallel axes - Joint is 'unlocked' - Shock absorber Supination: - Non-parallel axes - Joint is 'locked' - Force transmitter |
|
Triplanar motion of Pro/Sup
|
- Supination: PF, ADD, INV
- Pronation: DF, ABD, EV |
|
Pain Location-Lower leg
|
Diffuse lower leg
- Shin splints (tibial periostitis) - Compartment syndrome - Medial tibial stress syndrome Localized lower leg - Stress fx |
|
Pain Location-Ankle
|
Anterolateral
- Most common region - ATF sprain - Malleolar fx Posterolateral - Peroneal tendons Medial - Deltoid ligament sprain - Tarsal tunnel syndrome Posterior - Achilles tendonitis - Retrocalcaneal bursitis - Sever's disease Plantar - Plantar fasciitis Dorsal - Uncommon as sole source of pain - Paresthesias - Fx |
|
Pain Behavior-Aggravates
|
Activity
- Overuse: Pn at beginning of activity, goes away, returns after activity Constant standing - Ligamentous instability Terrain changes - Soft surfaces worsen: Excessive pronation - Hard surfaces worsen: Excessive supination |
|
Pain Behavior-Alleviates
|
Rest
- Typical pattern for musculoskeletal pain |
|
Gout-24 hr pain behavior
|
- Men 40-50 yo
- Sharp pain in affected joint - Worse with pressure - Redness and swelling within a few hours - Night pain |
|
Morning pain/stiffness
|
- Plantar fasciitis
- Arthritis |
|
Acute onset
|
- Ligament
- Muscle - Fx |
|
Gradual/insidious onset
|
- Achilles tendonitis
- Postural/kinetic chain syndromes - Stress fx |
|
MOI-Inversion/Supination
|
- Lateral ankle sprain
- Malleolar fx - Superficial peroneal n. stretch - Sural n. stretch - Sinus tarsi syndrome - Jones fx |
|
Pain pattern since onset-Gradual worsening
|
- Stress fx
|
|
Important past medical history
|
- DM
- Polio - Gout - Other collagen disease - Recent injuries to other regions (LE, spine) - Recent growth spurt (children) |
|
Hx factors to consider with runners and athletes
|
- Days/months/years running
- Distance/wk - Distance/day - Terrain/surface - Warm-up and cool-down - Change in training schedule - Other activity - Shoes |
|
Foot types
|
1. Squared-Big toe and second toe same length
2. Morton's-Second toe longer 3. Egyptian-Big toe longer |
|
Toe deformities
|
1. Claw toe-Callus on PIP and forefoot
2. Hammer toe-Callus on PIP 3. Mallet toe-Callus on DIP and toe tip |
|
Too many toes sign
|
Due to:
- Increased calcaneal eversion - Increased tibial ER - Increased forefoot ABduction If calcaneus does not invert when raise up on toes: - STJ dysfunction - Weak tibialis posterior |
|
Navicular drop test
|
- Position pt in STN and measure navicular height
- Patient relaxes stance, measure navicular height - Compare the difference, > 10 mm significant |
|
AROM/PROM/Overpressure on what joints?
|
- Hip & knee
- Talocrural - Subtalar inversion and eversion - Midfoot joints - Toe joints |