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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What effect does aging have on stomach acidity?
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Decreased acidity
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What effect does the change in acidity have on calcium absorption?
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Decreased calcium absorption
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What effect does aging have on vitamin D requirements?
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Increased vitamin D requirements with age C
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ls osteoporosis a quantitative or qualitative deficiency of bone?
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Quantitative (not enough bone)
Compare to tickets (qualitative; poor quality bone) |
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What are the common laboratory findings in patients with osteoporosis?
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Generally normal
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What is the definition of osteoporosis in terms of T-score?
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T-score of -2.5 or less
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What are the two indications for treatment of osteoporosis?
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T score of -2.5
History of any osteoporotic fracture |
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Compare the definitions of T-score and Z-score?
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T-score is the number of standard deviations away from mean peak bone mass (comparison to 25-year-old population)
Z-score is the number of standard deviations away from mean bone population (comparison to population of the same age as the patient) |
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What two imaging modalities are most commonly used to arrive at a T-score?
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Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan
Quantitative computed tomography (CT) scan |
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How much bone must be lost before a change in plain x-ray appearance is evident?
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30%
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Does a DEXA scan evaluate cancellous and cortical bone individually?
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No, together
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Does a quantitative CT scan evaluate cancellous and cortical bone individually?
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Yes, can separate
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What is the downside of quantitative CT?
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Increased radiation
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What test is the most accurate for determining bone density?
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Quantitative CT
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What test is the most reliable for predicting fracture risk?
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DEXA scan
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What are the two general types of osteoporosis?
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Type I: postmenopausal
Type II: age related (>75 years old) |
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With type I osteoporosis, what type of bone is principally affected?
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Trabecular bone (cancellous)
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Give two examples of typical type I fractures?
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Vertebral body fractures
Distal radius fractures |
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With type II osteoporosis, what type of bone is principally affected?
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Trabecular and cortical bone
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Give two examples of typical type II fractures?
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Hip fracture
Pelvic fracture |
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How do bisphosphonates affect osteoclast microstructure?
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Disrupt microtubules within the ruffled border
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How do they disrupt macrostructure?
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Disrupt protein prenylation
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What disadvantageous effect do high-dose bisphosphonates have?
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Disrupt calcium deposition also, not just resorption
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Over what period of time does the peak bone loss occur?
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First 16 months after injury
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After that period of time, how much bone mass remains?
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Two thirds of the preinjury bone mass
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What anatomic region is most affected by bone loss?
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Knee
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What anatomic region is most spared by bone loss?
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Skull
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