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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
which antibiotics inhibit the ribosome 30 S subunit?
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Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, linezolid
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which antibiotics inhibit the ribosome 50S subunit?
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macrolides, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol
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all ribosome inhibitors are bacteriostatic except for which to antibiotics?
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Aminoglycosides and linezolid are bactericidal
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what is the mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin?
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DNA gyrase blocker
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what is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?
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Produces oxygen radicals the breakup DNA
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what is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
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Para amino benzoic acid PABA analog, therefore blocking purine synthesis
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what is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?
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DH FR blocker, thereby blocking THF synthesis and hence blocking purine synthesis
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what is the most common method of antibiotic resistance between bacteria?
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Transfer of plasmid
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what is the mechanism of penicillin resistance?
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Plasmid for beta-lactamase
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what is the mechanism of the MRSA/VRE resistance?
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Mutation in cell wall binding protein
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what is the mechanism of gentamicin resistance?
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Mutation leading to decreased active transport
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what added coverage due ampicillin/amoxicillin provide over penicillin?
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Enterococcus coverage
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what type of antibiotics antagonized the effects of beta-lactam's?
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Bacteriostatic antibiotics
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cefazolin needs to be given within how many hours of incision to be effective?
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Within two hours of incision
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why is cefazolin a good surgical prophylaxis antibiotic?
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good gram-positive and the long half-life
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which five antibiotics are effective against enterococcus?
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Ampicillin/amoxicillin, ticarcillin/piperacillin, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides, and linezolid
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which five antibiotics are effective against Pseudomonas?
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ticarcillin/piperacillin, third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems (meropenem/imipenem), and fluoroquinolones
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which three antibiotics are effective against anaerobes?
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Metronidazole, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol
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which antibiotics are associated with a positive Coomb's test?
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first generation cephalosporins
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which antibiotics are associated with cholestasis?
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Ceftriaxone and IV erythromycin
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which antibiotics lower the seizure threshold?
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Carbapenems (meropenem/imipenem)
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which antibiotics are associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
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Aminoglycosides and vancomycin
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which antibiotic is associated with peripheral neuropathy?
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metronidazole
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which in about it is associated with teeth discoloration and children?
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tetracyclines
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which antibiotic is associated with pseudo-membrane coliti?
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Clindamycin
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which antibiotic associated with aplastic anemia?
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Chloramphenicol
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what is the mechanism of action of acyclovir?
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inhibits DNA polymerase
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which antiviral is used for CMV infections?
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ganciclovir
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which antiviral is associated with bone marrow suppression and CNS toxicity?
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Ganciclovir
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what is the mechanism of action of isoniazid?
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Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
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which vitamin D is depleted as a result of isoniazid?
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vitamin B6
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what are the signs and symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency?
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neuropathies
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what is the mechanism of action of rifampin?
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inhibits RNA polymerase
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what is the mechanism of action of pyrazinamide?
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inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis
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what is the mechanism of action of ethambutol?
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Affects the mycobacterial cell wall
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which antituberculosis medication is associated with G.I. symptoms such as diarrhea and cramps?
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rifampin
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which antituberculosis medication is associated with retrobulbar neuritis?
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ethambutol
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what is the mechanism of action of amphotericin?
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Binds cell wall sterols, thereby affecting membrane permeability
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what is the mechanism of action of fluconazole?
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inhibits the enzyme 14 A demethylase, a fungal CYP 450 enzyme
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what is the antifungal of choice and suspected fungal sepsis?
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Amphotericin
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which antifungal is associated with nephrotoxicity, fever, hypokalemia, hypotension, and anemia?
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Amphotericin
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