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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
individuals that strive for superiority |
Psychological Unhealthy |
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Individuals that strive for success of all |
Psychological Healthy |
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Adler’s 1st tenet is: The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is the |
Striving for succes or superiority |
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● - fictional and has no objective existence ;related to the word “dream” ● - Unfies personality and renders behavior ● - affected by heredity, environment and creative power ● - reduces the pain of inferiority and acts as a guide |
Final Goal |
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Characteristics of driving force |
•Innate yet needed direction •Not perfect must be developed |
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2 general avenues of striving |
•Striving for Personal Superiority •Striving for Success |
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- a behavior which people tends to become focused more on themselves, their actions are largely self-serving and motivated by overcompensation for his exaggerated feelings of personal superiority. In other words, their motives only benefits themselves. |
Striving for personal superiority |
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In contrast to people who strive for personal gain are those psychologically healthy people who are motivated by social interest and the success of all humankind. Their own success is not gained at the expense of others but is a natural tendency to move toward completion or perfection. Their sense of personal worth is tied closely to their contributions to human society. Social progress is more important to them than personal credit |
Striving for Success |
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Adler's second tenet |
People subjective perception shape their behaviour and personality |
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● Most important fiction: Goal of superiority or success ● Originated with Hans Vaihinger’s book The Philosophy of “As If” (1911/1925) ● Fictions are ideas that have no real existence, yet they influence people as if they really existed. (e.g men are superior to women) |
Fictionalism |
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is an explanation of behavior in terms of its final purpose or aim; concerned with future goals or ends, |
Teleology |
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is behavior as springing from a specific cause; deals with past experiences that produce some present effect. |
Causality |
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● This suggests that because we are small, weak and inferior, we develop a fiction or belief system about how to overcome these physical deficiencies and become big, strong, and superior. One might attain these, however, and still act as if they are the former. ● Adler (1929/1969) insisted that the whole human race is “blessed” with organ inferiorities. ● Some people use these inferiorities and move toward psychological health and a useful style of life while others overcompensate and are motivated to subdue or retreat from other people. ● Adler (1929/1969) emphasized that physical deficiencies alone do not cause a particular style of life; they simply provide present motivation for reaching future goals |
Physical Inferiorities |
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Third tenet of adlerian theory |
Personality is unified and self consistent |
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● A deficient organ expresses the direction of the individual’s goal ● A body’s organ “speak a language which is usually more expressive and discloses the individual’s opinion more clearly than words are able to do” |
Organ Dialect |
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part of the goal that is neither clearly formulated nor completely understood by the individual. |
Unconcious |
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those that are understood and regarded by the individual as helpful in striving for success, whereas unconscious thoughts are those that are not helpful. |
Concious |
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Adlers fourth tenet |
The human activity must be seen in the viewpoint of life |
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Social Interest is misleadig with |
Gemeinschaftgefuhl |
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Social feeling or community feeling |
Gemeinschaftgefuhl |
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● It is the natural condition of the human species and the adhesive that binds society together. ● A necessity for perpetuating the human species. |
Social Interest |
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Origin of social interest |
Mother and Child Relationship |
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Is a task for two |
Marriage and parenthood |
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develop a bond that encourage the child’s mature social interest and fosters a sense of cooperation. |
The Mother |
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second important person in child’s social environment; demonstrates a caring attitude toward his wife as well as to other people. |
Father |
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Sole criterion of Human Values |
Importancw of social interest |
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Not synonimous with charity and unselfishness |
Social interest |
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The final tenet |
Style of kife is moulded by people's creative power |
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○ Adler acknowledged the importance of ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆▪▪☆▪☆▪▪▪in forming personality. ○ |
Heredity and enviroment |
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Who stated “You are essentially who you create yourself to be, and all that occurs in your life is a result of your own making.” - |
Stephen Richards |
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● Birth order, gender of the siblings, age gap of siblings ● Perception of the situation into which they are born is more important than numerical rank |
Family Constellation |
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a.Intense feelings of power and superiority, high anxiety, and over protective tendenciesb.When 3 years or older will feel dethronement and will have hostility and resentment towards the new babyc.When less than 3 years old hostility and resentment is unconscious
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FirstbornChildren |
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a. Better situation for developing cooperation and social interest b. Personality depends on the perception of the first child c. May be highly competitive or overly discourage d. Matures toward moderate competition |
Secondborn Children |
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a. Most pampered b. High risk of being a problem Child c. Strong feelings of inferiority and lack of independence d. Highly motivated to exceed older siblings |
Youngest Children |
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a. Unique position of competing b. Competition against parents c. Exposed in the Adult World d. Self-Centered |
Only Children |
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● Recalled memories yield clues in understanding patient lifestyle ● Subjective accounts of these experience gives clue to their final goals and lifestyle ● Childhood experience will leave marks that will shape your perception and beliefs |
Early Recollection |
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● Provide clues for solving future problems ● The 35-year-old man’s dream which is related to his feelings ● Adler’s dream and interpretation ● Application of the golden rule of individual psychology (“Everything can be Different”) ● Most dreams are self-deceptions |
Dreams |
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Golden rule of individual psychology |
Everything can be different |
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○ Purpose: |
•Enhance Courage •Lessen Inferiority •Increase Social Interest |