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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The narrowest part of the pediatric airway |
The cricoid ring
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During the inhalation phase of ventilation, pressure in the thorax is |
Less than atmospheric pressure |
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The major muscle used for ventilation |
Diaphragm |
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A patient being ventilated with a BVM without supplemental oxygen would receive what FiO2? |
21% |
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Abnormal retention levels of CO2 in the body |
Hypercarbia |
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The amount of air moved in or out of the respiratory system in one breath |
Tidal Volume (VT) |
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Cubic centimeters (CC) of air moved in one minute |
Minute Volume (VM) |
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Formula for calculating minute volume |
VT X RR = MV |
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When cardiac output does not match minute volume |
V/Q mismatch |
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How long should a patient be suctioned? |
10-15 seconds |
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Mask used to deliver specific percentages of oxygen to a patient |
Venturi Mask |
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What should a rescuer do if the first two rescue breaths do not go in? |
Reposition the airway |
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How is the airway opened if there is suspected head or neck injuries? |
Modified jaw thrust maneuver |
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The laryngoscope lifts |
The tongue and epiglottis |
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Curved laryngoscope blade |
Macintosh |
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Mac blade is designed to fit in |
The vallecula |
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The greatest advantage of a straight blade |
Greater displacement of the tongue |
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The dangers of movement of an endotracheal tube once it is positioned |
Elevation of intercranial pressure |
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Potentially dangerous complications of improper endotracheal intubation (3) |
Esophageal intubation Pyriform sinus intubation Right mainstem intubation |
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Indications of proper endotracheal intubation (4) |
Presence of bilateral breath sounds Absence of abdominal sounds Presence of condensation in tube Plateau in Capnography |
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When is digital intubation useful? (3)
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Trauma patient with suspected c-spine injury Entrapment that prevents proper positioning Facial injuries distort the anatomy |
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How is the pediatric airway different from the adult airway? (4) |
Tongue is larger in relation to oropharynx Glottic opening is higher and more anterior Vocal cords slant upward Narrowest point is cricoid cartilage |
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Preferred method of intubation in awake or combative patients |
Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) |
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Blind nasotracheal intubation is contraindicated if the patient |
Is apneic |
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PtL airway |
Pharyngeal tracheal lumen airway |
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ETC airway |
Esophageal tracheal double lumen combitube |
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LMA |
Larnygeal mask airway |
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Both the PtL and ETC airways |
Can be inserted into either the trachea or esophagus |
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Preferred point of entry for surgical airway |
Cricothyroid membrane |
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How do rescue personnel typically ventilate patients with a stoma device? |
BVM to stoma |
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Minimum acceptable vacuum level for suction |
300 mmHg |
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Both standard routes of gastric decompression put the patient at risk for: (3) |
Vomiting Misplacement into trachea Trauma or bleeding from poor technique |
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Graphic measurement of expired CO2 |
Capnography |
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Numeric measurement of expired CO2 |
Capnometry |
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Esophageal detector device (EDD) uses what anatomic principles? |
The trachea is a rigid tube, and will not collapse on itself, but the esophagus is flaccid and will |
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Most common airway obstruction |
Tongue |
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Asymmetrical chest wall movement |
Paradoxical breathing |
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Best technique for opening airway if no c-spine trauma suspected |
Head-tilt/chin-lift |
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May be used for an advanced airway if there is a gag reflex |
Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) |
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Contraindication of ETC |
Partial ingestion of caustic poisons |
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Opening in anterior neck that connects trachea with ambient air |
Stoma |
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Preferred method of gastric decompression in awake patient |
Nasogastric |
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Device that has inspiratory release valve that makes it useful in treating spontaneously breathing patients who need higher oxygen concentrations |
Demand-valve device |
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Dual lumen airway with ventilation port for each lumen. Blue, longer distal port and clear, shorter proximal port
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ETC |
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Inflatable distal end placed in hypopharynx and inflated. Resembles mask. |
LMA |
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Scissor-style clamps with circle-shaped tips |
Magill forceps |
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Airway designed for insertion into the esophagus |
Esophageal Obturator Airway (EOA) |
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Neuromuscular blocking agent |
Succinylcholine |
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Airway with short, green tube and longer clear tube |
PtL |
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Manually triggered, oxygen-powered breathing device |
Demand valve device |
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Tonsil tip suction catheter |
Yankauer |
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Semicircular plastic and rubber device that conform's to the palate's curvature and lifts the base of the tongue |
Oropharyngeal airway (OPA) |
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Metal wire covered with plastic |
Stylet |
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Esophageal airway that permits suctioning of the stomach |
Esophageal gastric tube airway (EGTA) |
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Flexible 35-37 cm tube with adapter at on end and inflatable cuff at the other |
Cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) |
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Device consisting of tubing, reservoir bag, and inlet/outlet ports covered by thin rubber flaps |
Nonrebreather (NRB) |
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Six steps to intubation |
1. Position airway 2. Open mouth 3. Control tongue 4. Control of the epiglottis 5. Recognizing landmarks 6. Placement of ETT |
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Typical depth of ETT placement |
21cm at the teeth for women, 23 cm at the teeth for men |
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Upper airway structures (4) |
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Larynx |
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Lower airway structures (4) |
Trachea, Bronchial tree, lungs, alveoli |
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Where does the trachea split into the bronchi? |
Carina |
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Membrane attached to interior of chest cage |
Parietal pleura |
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Membrane attached to lung surface |
Visceral pleura |
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Additional amount of air inhaled after normal VT (3,000 cc) |
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
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Additional amount of air exhaled after normal VT (1,100 cc) |
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |