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182 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name 2 mediators commonly found in this type of cell
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Tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, heparin cathepsin G, IL-4, TNF-alpha
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What enzyme is present in these structures
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Lysophospholipase
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The venom of this particular flying hymenoptera is standardized for the content of what protein?
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Phospholipase A (honey bee)
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He was covered with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown… What immunological abnormality did he have?
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Elevated IgE
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This disease occurs in the presence of conditions and treatments that compromise cellular immunity. There is a biphasic increase and decrease of CD1a+ Langerhans cells in the epidermis
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Norwegian Scabies
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Who are they and what did they discover?
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Teruko and Kimishige Ishizaka
IgE |
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He discovered and named “mast cells”.
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Paul Ehrlich
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Which cells of the immune system are defined by metachromasia?
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Mast cells and basophils
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What is the only X-linked complement component deficiency?
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Properdin deficiency
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What colors are emitted by the following fluorochromes after excitation by the laser in flow cytometry? Fluorescein (FITC), Phycoerythrin (PE) and Peridin Chlorophyll Protein (PerCP)
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FITC:green, PE:orange, PerCP:red
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Which latex allergens are patients with spina bifida allergic to?
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Hev b 1,3,7
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What percentage of health care workers are sensitized to latex?
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Up to 50%
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Hwo many latex allergens have been described?
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10
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What is the name for moutanin cedar allergen?
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Jun a ___ (Juniperus ashei)
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Most common allergen induced immediate hypersenistivity in the Mediterrean?
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Par j 1 (weed)
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Is there cross-reactivity between cockroaches?
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Only Bla g 1 and Per a 1
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What is the name of clumps of dust where cockroach allergen collects?
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Frass
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Which cockroach allergen is related to animal danders?
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Bla g 4 (lipocalin-like protein)
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What is the basis for cross-reactivity of cockroach with mites and shrimp?
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Tropomyosins – Per a 7
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What is the level of cockroach allergen needed to sensitize? Induce disease?
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2 U/g, 8 U/g
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Where do mast cells derive their name?
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Paul Erlich thought their cytoplasmic granules where a result of phagocytosis – therefore they were call mastzellen which is from Greek root mastos (to feed)
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Who described UP? Who coined the term?
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Nettleship/Sangster
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Ragweed patients get oral allergy syndrome to what?
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The gourd family: honeydew, watermelon, cantaloupe, zucchini, and cucumber
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What is the most common cause of HP in Mexico?
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Pigeon breeders disease
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Name the 6 ACR criteria for diagnosis of Chrug-Strauss
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Asthma, eos>1500, mono(poly)neuropathy, migratory pulmonary infiltrates, paranasal sinus abnormalities, extravascular eos
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What pathophysiologic process has been implicated in Churg-Strauss syndrome?
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Impairment of CD95 ligand-mediated apoptosis
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What role does a mutation in chromosome 11q play in the pathogenesis of asthma/allergies?
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Sequence variants in the high affinity IgE receptor gene (FcRII)
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Whihch candidate gene affects severity of asthma?
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Homozygotes for Gly16 on chromosome 5q affects the 2-receptor
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Growth factor for MCt (scrolls)
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SCF (aka c-kit ligand, steel factor, or mast cell growth factor)
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Growth factor for MCtc (lattice)
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SCF (aka c-kit ligand, steel factor, or mast cell growth factor)
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Growth factor for basophil
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IL-3
Less important stimulators of growth and differentiation: GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, nerve growth factor (NGF) |
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Growth factor for eosinophil
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IL-3
IL-5 GM-CSF |
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Growth factor for neutrophil
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G-CSF
GM-CSF |
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Growth factor for monocyte
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GM-CSF
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Maturation site for MCt
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Tissue (mucosal surfaces in lung and intestinal mucosa)
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Maturation site for MCtc
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Tissue (connective tissue in skin, blood vessels, and GI submucosa, synovium, and foreskin)
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Maturation site for basophil
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Bone marrow
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Maturation site for eosinophil
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Bone marrow
(half life of mature cell in blood 8-18 hrs, in tissue 2-14 days) |
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Maturation site for monocyte
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Progenitors mature to monocytes in BM then released into blood. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells in the tissues
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Cell products of MCt
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Tryptase
PGD2 LTC4 Chrondroitin sulfate A and E Heparin histamine |
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Cell products of MCtc
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Tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G
PGD2 LTC4 Chrondroitin sulfate A and E Heparin histamine |
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Cell products of basophils
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+LTC4
+Chondroitin sulfate A +Histamine (Negligible tryptase, MBP, and lysophospholipase) (No chymase, carboxypeptidase, or cathepsin G. No PGD2) No LTB4 |
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Cell products of eosinophils
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MBP (major basic protein)
ECP (eosinophilic cation protein) EDN (eosinophil derived neurotoxin) EPO (eos peroxidase) Charcot leyden cystal (lysophospholipase) LTC4 |
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Cell products of neutrophils
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LTB4
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Cell products of monocytes
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LTB4
LTC4 |
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What is the name of the cow from whom Sarah Nelmes acquired cow pox?
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Blossom
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Where does the hide of Blossom hang in commemoration?
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Blossom’s hide hangs in St. George’s hospital in London
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Name this famous figure and at least 1 accomplishment
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Who isKarl Landsteiner?Discovered human blood groups (ABO) and first demonstrated haptenization.
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Name this famous figure and accomplishment.
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Who is Jules Bordet?Discovered complement
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This diagnosis has a classic Chest X-Ray seen here
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What is Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia?
(photographic negative of pulmonary edema) |
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Name this pollen/mold
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Ash
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This is the portion of the IgE molecule to which Xolair binds.
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The CH3 domain
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Name this pollen/mold
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Alternaria
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This spirometric finding is associated with vocal cord dysfunction.
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What is blunting of the inspiratory loop?
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Name this pollen/mold
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Maple
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Name this famous figure and accomplishment
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Who is Daniel Bovet?Synthesized the first antihistamine.
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This is the agent responsible for Enzyme/Detergent Worker’s Lung
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What is Bacillus subtilis?
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This is the most common parasite causing Loffler’s syndrome
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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This patient is likely to have an elevation in what form of tryptase?
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Alpha-tryptase
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Who is this individual and what were his accomplishments?
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Von Pirquet
Coined the term “allergy”, early studies on the immunopathogenesis of serum sickness, “TB” test |
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What happened to this man in 1929?
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Von Pirquet
He and his wife died of self-administered cyanide poisoning |
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What was the name of the milkmaid used in Edward Jenner's cowpox study?
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Sarah Nelmes
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Where, and in what year, was the imported fire ant introduced into the US?
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Mobile, Alabama in 1918
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Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri share common antigens except for which?
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Sol I 4 is unique.
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Name the genus of the insect inhabiting this nest
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Dolichovespula spp. (white-faced or yellow hornet)
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What is the only true hornet and what makes it unique?
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Vespa crabro; it flies at night.
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Which manifestation of this disease presents first?
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Ataxia.
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What two lab abnormalities are characteristic of Ataxia-Telangiectasia?
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Elevated AFP and CEA.
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Name the four types of non-X-linked agammaglobulinemia?
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Ig (CD79 a) defect, surrogate light chain deficiency (delta5/14.1), mu heavy chain deficiency, BLNK (SLP-65) deficiency.
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Name another cause of hyper-IgM other than CD154 deficiency and what inheritance pattern does it have?
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AID (activation induced cytidine deaminase) deficiency – autosomal recessive
OR NEMO (nuclear factor kappa B essential modulator) deficiency - x-linked |
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What condition does this patient have, and what is another name for it?
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Hyper IgE syndrome/Job’s syndrome
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What immunoglobulin classes are affected in Jobs syndrome?
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IgE and IgD (both elevated)
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What is this tree, and when does it pollinate?
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Mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei), it pollinates in the winter in South Texas.
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The ant pictured here is an import to the United States from South America.
a) Name the genus of the most notable ant native to Australia. b) What is its common name? |
A) Myrmecia
B) Jack Jumper Ant |
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Who is this and what is she now known for?
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Dr. Mary lovelass.
In the 1950s, this allergist’s original report of pure venom immunotherapy as an effective treatment for stinging hypersensitivity went largely ignored. |
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P-selectin is sometimes found in endothelial cell secretory granules, examples of which are pictured here.
a) What is the name of these secretory granules? b) What is the CD marker for P-selectin? |
Weibel-Palade bodies
CD62P |
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This patient has an immunodeficiency which is sometimes called SCID with a rash and also is associated with a partial mutation in what genes?
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RAG 1 or 2
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What is the name of this clump of sloughed epithelial cells sometimes seen in the sputum of asthmatics?
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Creola Body
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Identify the immundeficiency syndrome associated with this blood smear
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Chediak Higashi Syndrome
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Name the protein constituent for the structure to the right which is frequently found in the sputum of asthmatic patients.
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Galectin 10 (The Charcot leyden crystal protein)
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Name the two individuals that described the phenomenon of anaphylaxis. Which one received the Nobel Prize for this discovery?
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Charles R. Richet and Paul J. Portier
Charles R. Richet received the Nobel Prize |
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Name the venom component that is closely related between the two flying hymenoptera pictured
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Hyaluronidase
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Name the component of the imported fire ant venom that causes the sterile pustules pictured
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Piperidine alkaloid
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Name this pollen:
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Ragweed
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Name this pollen
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Alternaria
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Name this pollen
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Pine
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Name this pollen
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Mt Cedar
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Name this pollen
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Birch
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Who is this and what is he famous for?
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Sir Edward Jenner
Created first true vaccine; smallpox vaccine |
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Who are they and what did they do?
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Who are Kimishige and Teruko Ishizaka?
Discovered IgE |
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Before the identification of IgE this was the name given to the as yet uncharacterized antibody.
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Reagin
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This type of tryptase is released from the mast cell during anaphylaxis.
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Beta-tryptase
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The acronym RANTES stands for this.
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Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted
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This is the chemical precursor of histamine
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histadine
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This is the characteristic appearance of the granule matrix in mast cells that possess chymase.
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lattice (or grating)
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This is the typical cause of death in end-stage ABPA patients.
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Cor pulmonale (Heart failure)
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This is the percentage of asthma patients with a positive skin test to Aspergillus.
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25%
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Name 3 of the 4 pathologic changes found in the lungs of asthma patients.
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1. Thickened basement membrane
2. Eosinophilic infiltrate 3. Smooth mucle hypertrophy 4. Mucus gland hyperplasia |
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As seen in X-linked SCID, these cytokine receptors all share a common gamma chain.
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IL-2
IL-4 IL-7 IL-9 IL-15 IL-21 |
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This organism is characteristically associated with the septic arthritis seen in XLA.
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Ureaplasma urealyticum
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The acronym NEMO stands for this
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NFκB essential modulator
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Name this disease
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DiGeorge Syndrome
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This disease is being assessed
AND this patient (A-D) has the most common form. |
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
AND Patient B(x-linked form) |
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What type of pollen is this?
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Grass
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Name this pollen
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Lambs quarters (or pigweed)
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Name this pollen
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Epicoccum
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Who is this and what is he famous for?
|
Leonard Noon?
Pioneered allergy immunotherapy |
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Who is this and what is he famous for?
|
Clemens von Pirquet
Coined the term “allergy” |
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Who is this and what is he famous for?
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Charles Blackley
Pioneered the allergy skin test. |
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Name this man and what he's famous for
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Nicholas-Maurice Arthus
First described the Arthus reaction |
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This is another name used when referring to Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.
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Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
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This activity seems to reduce a patient’s risk of developing HP
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Smoking
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This is the general name for the organisms that cause Farmer’s Lung
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thermophilic actinomycetes
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This is the agent responsible for Enzyme/Detergent Worker’s Lung
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Bacillus subtilis
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A lung biopsy in a patient with HP will usually return this pathologic description
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nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis
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Despite its efficacy,Xolair has not convincingly shown that it can affect this
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improve lung function (specifically, FEV1)
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According to the company, this is the acceptable range of IgE with which patients can be treated with Xolair
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30-700 IU/ml
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This is the formula used to calculate the dose of Xolair.
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0.016 x weight(kg) x IgE(IU/ml)?
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This was the name used by the Xolair product in research studies before it was licensed as a commercial product
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rhuMAB-E25
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This allergen is specific to the honeybee
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mellitin
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This is the common name for the major allergen found in the vespids
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antigen-5
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This is felt to be the amount of venom protein injected during an actual honeybee sting
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50mcg
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This insect is responsible for the greatest number of confirmed systemic reactions to biting insects.
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Triatoma (kissing bug)?
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Three different species are required to perform the CH50 test.
These are the species and the unique component they provide. |
1. human serum
2. sheep red blood cells 3. rabbit antibody against sheep RBC |
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Who is this and what is he famous for?
|
Freeman
Father of Immunotherapy |
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Who is this and what is he famous for?
|
Cesar Milstein
Developed monoclonal antibodies |
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Who is this and what is he famous for?
|
Frank M. Burnet
Clonal selection theory |
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Who was this and what are they known for?
|
Aretaeus
First documented description of asthma |
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This sign is when stroke UP lesion and get flaring reaction.
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Darier's Sign
|
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What immunodeficiency may this child have?
|
DiGeorge Syndrome
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This patient had WBC of 60,000. What is immunodeficiency?
|
LAD
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What immunodeficiency may this individual have?
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Hyper IgE (xray showing lung abscesses)
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This finding in hair follicle (left photo) is seen in what immunodeficiency?
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Giant granule in hair of patient with Chėdiak-Higashi syndrome
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What immunodeficiency may this individual have?
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Chėdiak-Higashi syndrome
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What syndrome may this indivual have?
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Griscelli syndrome
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this patient has silver hair. What syndrome may this indivual have?
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Griscelli syndrome
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What does this person have?
|
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
|
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What is cytokine mediator of Schwartzman reaction (repeated local injection of LPS which causes hemorrhagic necrosis at site)?
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TNF
|
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They described mechanism of the type I hypersensitivity allergic reaction using an in vivo test of one persons serum (allergic to fish) injected into another’s arm followed by injection of the fish antigen at same site.
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Prausnitz and Kustner (allergic to fish)
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Who were the first two individuals to start using immunotherapy?
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Noon and Freeman
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What was the name of the ship upon which first experiments of anaphylaxis conducted?
|
Princess Alice II
|
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What is thought to be first description of anaphylaxis in history?
|
King Menses
|
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Who was first to describe asthma?
|
Aretaeus the Cappodocian
Greek physician |
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What skin disorder has histology of deposition of granular IgA at the dermal papillary tips?
What systemic disease is the skin disorder related to? |
Dermatitis herpetiformis which is associated with celiac disease
|
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Describe the shape of a Charcot-Leyden crystal
|
Hexagonal Bipyramidal
|
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Birch pollen antigen, Bet v 1, is associated with an oral allergy syndrome to what fruits/vegetables?
|
Apples ● Pear
Celery ● Carrot Parsnip ● Potato Hazelnut ● Kiwi |
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Eating what kind of food can lead to symptoms in those allergic to Penicillium?
|
Blue-veined cheeses
Roguefort Camembert |
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What test(s) would you use to evaluate a patient suspected of having CSF rhinorrhea?
|
Glucose > 30 mg/dl
Elevated Beta2 transferrin |
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What is the eponym for the syndrome characterized by cow’s milk protein induced GI blood loss, anemia, hypoproteinemia and pulmonary infiltrates in young children?
|
Heiner’s syndrome
|
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What is most common allergen induced immediate hypersensitivity in the Mediterrean?
|
Parietaria (Par j 1)
|
|
This phenomenon is induced by esoinophil derived neurotoxin.
What is the name of this phenomenon and what are the signs / symptoms? |
Gordon Phenomenon
Ataxia, Encephalopathy, Demylenation and Purkinje cell degeneration |
|
What leukotriene class does neutrophils have compare to eosinophils?
|
Neutrophils – LTB
Eosinophils - LTC |
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Which flying hymenoptera has highest rate of infection?
|
Yellow jacket since hangs around garbage
|
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Which foods cross react with latex?
|
Avacado
Banana Chestnut Fig Kiwi |
|
Which syndrome has recurrent episodes of pneumonia associated with:
pulmonary infiltrates Hemosiderosis GI blood loss iron deficiency anemia FTT |
Heiner’s syndrome
|
|
Which food is most common agent involved in food-associated exercise induced anaphylaxis?
|
Shellfish (also wheat, fruit, celery and fish)
|
|
What does T.R.U.E. test stand for?
|
Thin-layer Rapid Use Epi-cutaneous test
|
|
What was first indoor allergen to be purified?
|
Fel d 1
|
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Who was 1st person to show that live attenuated bacteria conferred specific immunity? What was the bacteria?
|
Louis Pasteur
Anthrax |
|
Arthus reaction represents what type of Gell and Combs reaction?
|
Type III hypersensitivity – local complexes
|
|
Cause of bagassiosis
|
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
From Moldy sugarcane (bagasse) |
|
Cause of Wine grower's lung
|
Botrytis cinerea
Moldy grapes |
|
Cause of Suberosis
|
Penicillium frequentans
Moldy cork dust |
|
Name the ABPA diagnostic criteria
|
Asthma (Essential)
Immediate cutaneous reactivity to A. fumigatus (E) Elevated total serum IgE (>1000 ng/mL) (E) Elevated serum IgE and serum IgG to A. fumigatus (E) Precipitating serum antibodies to A. fumigatus (E) Peripheral blood eosinophilia (> 1x109) History of pulmonary infiltrates Proximal bronchiectasis |
|
How do you convert ng/mL to IU/mL?
|
Divide ng/mL by 2.4
OR Multiply ng/ml by 0.417 1000 ng/mL = 417 IU/mL |
|
What is the major honeybee venom antigen?
|
Phospholipase A
|
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What is the major vespid venom antigen?
|
Antigen 5
|
|
What is the major IFA venom antigen?
|
Sol i 2
|
|
What component of the IFA venom causes the sterile pustule?
|
Piperidine alkaloids
|
|
Which IFA venom antigen shows some limited cross-reactivity with vespid venoms?
|
Sol i 1
|
|
BY which protein are honeybee venoms standardized?
|
Phospholipase A2
|
|
BY which protein are vespid venoms standardized?
|
hyaluronidase
|
|
Which historical factors argue against discontinuing venom itx?
|
Reaction to honeybee
Systemic reaction during itx Either from itx itself or from wild sting Initial “DRT” reaction |
|
Who is this and what are they famous for?
|
Niels Jerne (born 1955)
He first suggested that individuals possess many clonally derived lymphocytes that develop prior to exposure to antigen and are capable of responding to a wide variety of antigens (the clonal selection hypothesis). |
|
Who is referred to as the Father of Occupational Medicine.
|
Bernardino Ramizzini
|
|
Who performed the first successful bone marrow transplant in the world
|
Robert A. Good
Univ of Minnesota in 1968 |
|
Who described asthma as a neurotic disease?
|
Sir William Osler
|
|
Who is this and what did he use to treat immunodeficient patients?
|
Col Ogden Bruton.
He first used intramuscular injections of Cohn’s fraction II to treat immunodeficient patients. |
|
This tree, a native of Asia, was introduced in the US in an attempt try to start up a silk industry. What is the name of the tree?
|
White Mulberry
|
|
Which imported fire ant allergen shows up to 50% homology to vespid group 5 allergens?
|
Sol i 3
|
|
Name the muscarinic receptor that presynaptically inhibits cholinergic nerves, and its downregulation is thought to play a role in asthma.
|
M2
|
|
Name the predominant cellular infiltrate in irritant contact dermatitis
|
Neutrophils
|