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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abduction
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movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane;
example: moving the arm outward laterally |
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adduction
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movement towards the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane;
the reverse of abduction |
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flexion
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movement in the anterior-posterior plane that reduces the angle between articulating elements;
examples: bending the knee, bending the elbow |
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extension
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movement in the anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between articulating elements;
the reverse of flexion; examples: straightening the knee, straightening the elbow |
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hyperextension
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any movement where a limb is extended beyond its normal limits, resulting in joint damage
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circumduction
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angular movement in a loop or circular shape;
example: drawing a circle on a blackboard |
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rotation
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turning at a pivot joint;
example: turning the head from facing the left side to facing the right side |
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lateral rotation
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the reverse of medial rotation or internal rotation
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external rotation
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lateral rotation
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medial rotation
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rotating the anterior aspect of the limb inwards toward the ventral surface of the body;
example: from the standard anatomical position, moving your right upper arm and lower arm to touch your right thigh |
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internal rotation
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medial rotation
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pronation
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movement of the wrist and hand from palm-facing-front to palm-facing-back
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supination
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the reverse of pronation
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eversion
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twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole outward
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inversion
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twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward
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dorsiflexion
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elevation of the distal portion of the foot and the toes;
example: digging in the heels |
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ankle flexion
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dorsiflexion
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plantar flexion
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elevating the heel and proximal portion of the foot;
example: standing on tiptoe |
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ankle extension
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plantar flexion
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lateral flexion
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bending the vertebral column to the side along the frontal plane or coronal plane
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opposition
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movement of the thumb that produces pad-to-pad contact of the thumb with the palm or any other finger
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reposition
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the reverse of opposition
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protraction
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moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane;
example: you protract your clavicles when you cross your arms |
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retraction
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the reverse of protraction
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elevation
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movement of a structure in the superior direction;
example: shrugging your shoulder elevates your scapula |
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depression
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movement of a structure in the inferior direction;
example: opening your mouth depresses your mandible |
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articulation
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interaction of adjacent bones; a joint
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joint
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an area where adjacent bones interact; an articulation
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synovial joint
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freely movable diarthrotic joints; may permit movement in one, two, or all three planes
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gliding joint
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joint with flattened or slightly curved faces that permits the relatively flat articular surfaces to slide across one another;
example: sternoclavicular joint (clavicle - manubrium articulation) |
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plane joint
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gliding joint
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planar joint
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gliding joint
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nonaxial gliding joint
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gliding joint that permits only small sliding movements
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multiaxial gliding joint
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gliding joint permits sliding in any direction
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hinge joint
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a monoaxial joint that permits angular movement in a single plane, like the opening and closing of a door;
examples: elbow joint, knee joint |
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pivot joint
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a monoaxial joint that permits only rotation;
example: atlanto-axial joint (atlas - axis pivot articulation) |
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condylar joint
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a biaxial joint where an oval articular face nestles within a depression on the opposing surface;
angular motion occurs in two planes, along and across the length of the oval; example: metacarpophalangeal joint |
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ellipsoidal joint
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condylar joint
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saddle joint
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a biaxial joint that resembles a saddle because it is concave on one axis and convex on the other axis;
example: carpometacarpo joint of thumb |
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ball-and-socket joint
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a triaxial joint where the round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another;
all combinations of movements, including rotation, can be performed at ball-and-socket joints; examples: shoulder joint, hip joint |
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monoaxial
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permits movement along only one axis or only angular movement in one plane
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uniaxial
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monoaxial
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biaxial
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permits movement to occur on two axes or angular movement in one of two planes (not in combination)
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triaxial
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permits a combination of rotational and angular motion
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