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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What 4 elements make up 96% of the human body's major organic molecules? |
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
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Atom |
Smallest single unit of an element. Composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
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Atomic number |
Indicates the number of protons and also the number of electrons in an atom. |
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Atomic mass |
The sum of protons plus the number of neutrons in each atom |
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Isotope |
An atom with a different number of neutrons. All isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of protons and electrons. |
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Radioisotope |
Elements that have an unstable nucleus that emits high energy radiation as it breaks down to form a more stable nucleus. |
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Compound |
Substances composed of atoms from two or more different elements. |
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Chemical bonds |
A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms. |
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Ionic bond |
An attraction between oppositely charged ions. The force of attraction between cations and anions. |
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Cation |
Positively charged ions |
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Anion |
Negatively charged ions |
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Covalent bond |
A bond between atoms that form molecules by sharing electrons. Double and triple bonds can be formed |
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Hydrogen bond |
A weak attractive force between a slightly positive area and a slightly negative area of a polar molecule. |
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Chemical reaction |
When bonds between atoms are formed or broken and the result is a new combination of atoms. |
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4 basic types of chemical reactions |
Synthesis, exchange, decomposition, reversible |
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Sythesis (anabolic) |
Form new chemical bonds and energy is required for the reaction to occur. Growth and repair of body parts. |
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Decomposition (catabolic) |
Opposite of synthesis. Chemical bonds of complex molecules are broken to form two or more simpler molecules and energy is released. |
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Exchange (rearrangement) |
Occurs when two different reactants exchange components, resulting in the breakdown of the reactants and the formation of two new products. |
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Reversible reactions |
Exist in which the reactants and the product may convert in both directions. |
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Inorganic compound |
May contain either carbon or hydrogen in the same molecule but not both. Bicarbonate are an exception. Bicarbonate Calcium Carbonate Chloride Hydrogen Hydroxide Phosphate Potassium Sodium |
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Organic compound |
Always contain both carbon and hydrogen and usually oxygen. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids |
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Carbohydrates |
Formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Primary source of nutrient energy. MonoSaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides |
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Glucose |
Carbohydrate. 6 carbon monosaccharide that is the major carbohydrate fuel for cells. |
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Glycogen |
The storage form of carbohydrates in animals including humans. Glucose is converted to glycogen and stored primarily in the liver... small amount in the muscle cells. |
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Lipids |
A large diverse group of organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids |
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Triglycerides |
Most concentrated energy source found in the body. Most abundant lipids in our diet. |
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Steroids |
Cholesterol Vitamin D Certain adrenal hormones, Sex hormones |
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Protein |
Large, complex molecules composed of smaller molecules called amino acids. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
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Enzymes |
Each Enzyme catalyzes a particular chemical reaction. May catalyze synthesis, decomposition, exchange, or reversible reactions. |
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Nucleic acids |
The bodies largest molecules. DNA, RNA. |
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RNA |
Carrie's the coded instructions from DNA to the cellular machinery involved in protein synthesis. |