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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
joints where bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue rich in collagen fibers; they lack a synovial cavity
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fibrous joints
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joints where bones are held together by cartilage; they lack a synovial cavity
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cartilaginous joints
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joints where bones have a synovial cavity and are united by the ________ connective tissue of an articular capsule, and often by accessory ligaments
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synovial joints
dense irregular |
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An immovable joint
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synarthrosis
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A slightly moveable joint
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amphiarthrosis
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A freely moveable joint; all of them are ______ joints
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diarthrosis
synovial joints |
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lack a synovial cavity, articulating bones are held closely together by fibrous connective tissue, permit little or no movement
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fibrous joints
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3 types of fibrous joints
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sutures
syndesmoses gomphoses |
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fibrous joint composes of thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue. Because they are immovable, they are classified functionally as a ________
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sutures
synarthrosis |
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Some sutures, present in childhood, are replaced by bone in the adult. Such a suture is called a
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synostosis (or bony joint)
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fibrous joint in which, compared to a suture, there is a greater distance between the articulating bones and more _______ connective tissue
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syndesmosis
fibrous |
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Because it permits slight movement, a syndesmosis is classified functionally as an _________
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amphiarthrosis
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type of fibrous joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket. Only examples are teeth. Classified functionally as a ______, an immovable joint
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gomphosis or dentoalveolar joint
synarthrosis |
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lacks a synovial cavity, has little or no movement, bones tightly connected by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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cartilaginous joints
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2 types of cartilaginous joints
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synchondroses
symphyses |
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cartilaginous joint in which connecting material is hyaline cartilage. Functionally they are ______, immovable joints
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synchondrosis
synarthrosis |
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cartilaginous joint in whichthe ends of bone are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones. Functionally, they are ________, a slightly moveable joint
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symphyses
amphiarthrosis |
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A synovial cavity allows a joint to be freely moveable, so all synovial joints are classified functionally as ________
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diarthroses
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The bones at a synovial joint are covered by ___________, which is hyaline cartilage
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articular cartilage
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A _______ surrounds a synovial cavity and unites the articulating bones. Composed of 2 layers: ______ and ______
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articular capsule
outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane |
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The ________ layer of a synovial joint consists of dense irregular connective tissue that attaches to periosteum of articulating bones. The fibers of some capsules are arranged in parallel bundles called _____
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Outer fibrous capsule
ligaments |
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The _______ layer of the articular capsule is composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers. Usually includes accumulations of fat tissue called ____
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inner synovial membrane
articular fat pads |
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Many synovial joints contain accessory ligaments called ____ and ____
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extracapsular ligaments (outside articular capsule)
intracapsular ligaments (inside articular capsule) |
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In some synovial joints (like the knee) are pads of fibrocartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and attach to the fibrous capsule- called ______
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articular discs OR menisci
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A _____ is the forcible twisting of a joint that stretches or tears ligaments, but does not dislocate bones. A _____ is a stretched or partially torn muscle.
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sprain
strain |
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sacs that cushion the movement of one body part over another
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Bursa
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tubelike bursa that wrap around tendons where there is considerable friction.
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tendon sheaths
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Six types of synovial joints
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planar
hinge pivot condyloid saddle ball-and-socket |
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joints that permit side-to-side and back-and-forth movements. Articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved. Ex: intercarpal, intertarsal, acromioclavicular, sternocostal, vertebrocostal
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Planar joints
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In a _______ joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another. Ex: knee, elbow, ankle
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Hinge joint
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In a _____ joint, the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament Ex: Atlanto-axial joint
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pivot joint
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In a ____ joint, the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone. Ex: wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints for 2nd -5th digits
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condyloid joints
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In a ____ joint, the articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped, and the articular surface of another bone fits onto the saddle. Ex: carpometacarpal joint bw trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb
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saddle joint
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A ______ joint has ball like surface of one bone fitting into cup like depression of another. Such joints are multiaxial (polyaxial) because they permit movement around three axes plus all directions in between. Ex: shoulder and hip joints
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Ball-and-socket
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Type of flexion where the trunk of the body moves from side to side
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lateral flexion
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Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position
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Hyperextension
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movement of a bone away from midline
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Abduction
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movement of a bone towards midline
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Adduction
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Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle
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Circumduction
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movement of a body part anteriorly in the transverse plane. Ex: thrusting out mandible
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protraction
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movement of a protracted body part back to the anatomical position
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retraction
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movement of the soles medially at the intertarsal joints so that the soles face each other
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inversion
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movement of the soles laterally at the intertarsal joints so that the soles face away from each other.
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eversion
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bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of the dorsum. Occurs when you stand on your heels
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Dorsiflexion
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bending the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of the plantar surface, as when standing on your toes
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Plantar flexion
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Turning the palm anteriorly or superiorly
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supination
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Turning the palm posteriorly or inferiorly
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pronation
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displacement of a bone from a joint, with resultant tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsules.
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Dislocation OR luxation
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A partial or incomplete dislocation
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subluxation
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The study of joints
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arthrology
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Types of synarthroses
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sutures
gomphosis syndesmosis |
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Types of amphiarthroses
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intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis sacroiliac joint |
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Types of diarthroses
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shoulder
elbow wrist hip knee ankle |
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commonly found between skin and bony prominences lying beneath the skin. Ex: in patella of knee
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Bursae
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crystals of calcium carbonate in a matrix of protein fibers form a component of bone called _____
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Hydroxyapatite
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Name the anatomical components of the shoulder joint (also called humeroscapular and glenohumeral joint)
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articular capsule
coracohumeral ligament glenohumeral ligaments transverse humeral ligament glenoid labrum bursae |
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Name the anatomical components of the elbow (olecranon) joint
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articular capsule
ulnar collateral ligament radial collateral ligament |
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Name the anatomical components of the hip (coxal) joint
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articular capsule
iliofemoral ligament pubofemoral ligament ischiofemoral ligament ligament of the head of femur acetabular labrum transverse ligament of acetabulum |
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Name the anatomicalcomponents of the knee (tibiofemoral) joint
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articular capsule
medial / lateral patellar retinacula patellar ligament oblique popliteal ligament arcutate popliteal ligament tibial collateral ligament fibular collateral ligament intracapsular ligaments (ACL) anterior cruciate ligament (PCL)posterior cruciate ligament articular discs (menisci) medial meniscus lateral meniscus Bursae- prepatellar, intrapatellar, suprapatellar |
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____ is the range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which bones of a joint can be moved
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(ROM) range of motion
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displacement of the tibia relative to the femur. Frequent consequence is damage to the popliteal artery
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dislocated knee
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any painful disorder of the supporting structures of the body- tendons, ligaments, muscles, bones- that is not caused by injury or infection
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Rheumatism
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Symptoms include joint stiffness, fever, chills, headache, stiff neck, and nausea. Caused by spiral-shaped bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. Rash often resembles a bull's eye target
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Lyme disease (named for town of Lyme, Connecticut, where it was first reported in 1975).
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pain in a joint is ______
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arthralgia
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The cartilaginous disc found in the knee joint is referred to as the _____
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semilunar meniscus
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superolateral parts of skull
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calvaria and vault
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