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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Layers of the Heart
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1. ENDOCARDIUM- inner layer, lines inside of heart, covers valves
2. MYOCARDIUM- middle layer, contraction/ pumping 3. EPICARDIUM- external layer (visceral pericardium) contains coronary arteries 4. PERICARDIUM- outer covering, encloses the heart, approx 10 cc fluid between 2 inner layers |
4
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Heart Chambers
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Right Atria
Left Atria Right Ventricle Left Ventricle |
4
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Atria recieve blood from the ______ ? Atria are ______ pressure and responsible for the ________ kick.
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body: low: atrial
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Ventricles ______ blood the the lungs and body. They are _____ pressure chambers.
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pump
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Heart Valves Types
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Atrioventricular and Semilunar Valves
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2
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Heart Valves
and their location ? |
AV- 1. Tricuspid (right) separates right atrium and right ventricle
2. Bicuspid (mitral) separates left atrium and left ventricle Semilunar- 3. Pulmonic (right) between right ventricle and pulmonary artery 4. Aortic (Left) between left ventricle and aorta |
4
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AV valves separate the ______ from the ______ ? They also prevent _______ ?
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atria ; ventricles
; backflow of blood. |
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Semilunar Valves the ______ and _____ prevenet ______ from the aorta and pulmonary arteries.
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Aortic and Pulmonic; backflow
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Coronary Circulation consists of the ______ arteries and _____
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coronary and veins
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Coronary arteries are located at the base of the ______ and supply the heart with _____.
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aorta ; oxygen
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Cornary arteries fill during______?
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diastole
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RCA- right coronary artery feeds ___ Atrium, ___ ventricle ? Also supplies ___% of SA node and ___% of AV node.
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Right, Right
50; 90 |
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LCA- Left Coronary Artery
LAD - left anterior descending, Left Circumflex- LC, supplies ___% SA node BBs and Purkinje Fibers |
50
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Cardiac Cyle
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Diastolie- relax, fill time
Atria and ventricles relax Systole- contract/ eject time (atria relax, ventricles contract) |
2
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Cardiac Output- CO = ______?
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Stroke Volume x HR
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Preload is :
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force exerted by the walls of ventricles at end of diastole
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Afterload is:
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pressure against which ventricles must pump to eject blood
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Baroreceptors detect _____ ?
are found in _______ arteries and the ____ arch? |
a change in blood pressure
internal corotid; aortic arch |
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Chemoreceptors detect _____?
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changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
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Blood flow through the heart-
rt atrium recieves______ and is high in ____ from the _____ vena cava and the _____sinus. |
blood low in oxygen; carbon dioxide; superior; coronary
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____ flows from the ____ atrium through the _____ valve into the ____ ventricle.
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blood; right; tricuspid; right
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____ flows through the ____ arteries to the ____. ( _____ and ___ are exchanged in the pulmonary ______. and then flows to the ____ veins.
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blood; pulmonary; lungs; oxygen and carbon dioxide; capillaries; pulmonary
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The efficiency of the heart as a pump may be affected by 3 abnormalities
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Cardiac muscle, Valves, conduction system
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___ muscle, Cardiac_____, _____ system.
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The ____ and ____ coronary arteries are the first branches off the proximal aorta.
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right; left
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____ arteries fill when the heart is _____.
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coronary; relaxed
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Three major coronary arteries include the ____, the ______ and the _____ arteries.
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Left anterior descending; left circumflex; right coronary arteries
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RCA originates in the ____ side of the aorta. It travels along the groove between the _____ and the _____.
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right; right atrium; right ventricle
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RCA supples the ___ atrium, ____ ventricle, ___ node, and ___ node
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right; right; SA; AV
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LCA orginates from the _____ side of the _____. The first segment of the LCA is called _______ coronary artery.
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Left; aorta; Left Main
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The left main coronary artery supplies ______ blood to two primary branches, the _____ and _____ .
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oxygenated; left anterior descending (anterior interventricular; Left circumflex artery.
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THE LAD can be seen on the _____ surface of the heart. It travels along the groove that lies between the ____ and ____ ventricle toward the hearts apex.
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outer (epicardial); right; left
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Major branches of the LAD are the _____ and ____ arteries. ____ branches supply the _____. THE LAD supples the anterior_____ ventricle, lateral surface _____ ventricle. Most of the Septum.
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septal; diagonal; Left; Left.
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Left Circumflex Coronary circles around the ____ side of the heart. Supples blood to _____ atrium, lateral ____ ventricle and inferior surface of ___ ventricle. ____ node and the ____ node.
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left; LEft; LEft; LEft, SA, AV
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Coronary veins travel along side the arteries. _____ sinus is the larges vein that drains the heart. It lies in the groove that separates the ____ from the ____.
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coronary sinus; atria; ventricle
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Bororeceptors are specialized nerve tissue found in the ____ arteries and ___ arch.
They detect ____ in BP. |
internal corotid; aortic
Changes |
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Sympathetic response is aka _____
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adrenergic
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Parasympathetic response is aka _______
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cholinergic
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Chronotropic means ________ in heart rate
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increase
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Inotropic means _______ in myocardial contractility.
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change
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The primary neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic nervous system is ________
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norepinephrine
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The Primary Neurotransmitter for Parasympathetic nervous system is _______
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Acetylcholine
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______ is a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) that is released when parasympathetic nerves are stimulated.
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Acetylcholine
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__________ binds to Parasympathetic receptors
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Acetylcholine
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Two main types of parasympathetic receptors are ______ and _____ receptors.
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Nicotinic; muscarinic
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________ receptors are located in smooth muscle.
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Muscarinic
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________ receptors are located in skeletal muscle.
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Nicotinic
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_______ receptors sites are divided into alpha receptors and beta receptors.
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Sympathetic
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______ manueuvers are performed and used to stimulate that _____ nerve.
When performed , _______ in the corotid arteries are stimulated in an attempt to slow conduction through the AV node. It will result in slowing of the heart rate. |
Vagal; vagus
Baroreceptors |
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