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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the cells that produce cartilage matrix?
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chondroblasts
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What are the cells that are surrounded by the matrix? What do they live in?
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chondrocytes
lacunae |
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What are the three types of cartilage?
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hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage elastic cartilage |
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What are the functions of caritlage?
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Support soft tissue
articulation precursor model for bone growth |
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What are the two patterns of cartilage growth? What does each mean?
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interstitial - growth from within
appositional - growth along the outside edge |
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Which cartilage growth pattern involves chondroblasts?
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appositional
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Which cartilage growth pattern involves chondrocytes?
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interstitial
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What are the functions of bone?
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support
protection movement hemopoiesis - blood cell formation storage |
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What are the two types of bone CT?
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compact (dense) bone
spongy (trabeculae) bone |
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What are the classifications of bones?
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long bones
short bones flat bones irregular bones |
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What is term for the spongy bone inbetween layers of compact bone in flat boes?
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diploe
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What is the elongated, shaft of long bone called?
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diaphysis
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What are the enlarged knobby regions at the ends of long bones called?
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epiphyses
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What is the function of epiphyses?
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strengthen joints
attachment for tendons and ligaments |
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What is between the diaphysis and epiphyses?
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metaphysis
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Another term for growth plate
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epiphsial plate
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What is articular cartilage, and what is it's purpose?
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thin layer of hyaline cartilage on the epiphysis
reduce friction between articulating bones |
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What is the thin cartilage on the epiphysis made of and called?
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hyaline cartilage
articular cartilage |
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What is the space in the diaphysis called
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medullary/marrow cavity
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Where is bone marrow contained?
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medullary/marrow cavity
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What are the two bone coverings called?
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periosteum
endosteum |
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What covers the external surfaces of bone?
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periosteum
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What covers the internal surfaces of bone?
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endosteum
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What is the purpose of periosteum?
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acts as anchor for blood vessels and nerves
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What anchors periosteum to the bone matrix?
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perforating fibers
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-blasts
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produce
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-cyte
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cell
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____ are formed from osteoprogenitor cells.
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osteoblasts
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____ are formed from osteoblasts.
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osteocytes
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____ are stem cells derived from mesenchyme
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osteprogenitor
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____ cells are large multinucleate cells that dissolve bone. What does this process release?
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osteoclasts
Ca++ |
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____ of the bone matrix is organic components, while ____ is inorganic.
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1/3
2/3 |
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____ of the bone matrix is inorganic components, while ____ is organic.
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2/3
1/3 |
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What are the bone salt crystals called?
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hydroxyapatite
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What is the purpose of and what are hydroxyapitites made of?
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compressional strength
calcium, phosphate, and hydroxide |
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Which component of bone matrix gives it it's tensile strength by resisting stretching and twisting, and what are the components?
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organic
cells, collagen, ground substance |
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Which part of bones have the greatest compression and tension on them.
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external surfaces
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What are the cylindrical structures that run parallel to the shaft of a bone? What is the system called
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osteon
Haversion |
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What are the canals of osteon?
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central - down middle
perforating - perpendicular canaliculi - between lacunae |
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What are the rings of bone around the central canal?
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concentric lamellae
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What is along the endostium and periostium?
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circumferential lamallae
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What are the pieces that aren't round within the osteum?
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interstitial lamallae
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What is the formation and development of bone?
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ossification
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What week of embrionic development soes ossification begin?
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8th
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What are the two patterns of ossification?
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intramembranous
endochondral |
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What ossification pattern produces flat bones of the skull, some facial bones, the mandible, and central part of clavical?
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intremembranous
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What does endochondral ossification begins with?
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hyaline cartilage
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When is bone growth complete?
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When the epiphysis plate ossifies and forms and epiphysis line
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At what age does epiphysis plate ossification occer
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10-25 years depending on the bone
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Where does primary ossification occur?
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diaphysis
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Where does secondary ossification occur?
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epiphysis
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Growth in length is called____.
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interstitial
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Grwoth in width is called ____.
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appostitial
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Bone deposition involves what bone cell type?
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osteoblasts
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Bone resorption invovles what bone cell type?
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osteoclasts
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What are the three arteries and veins in bones and where are they located?
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Nutrient - diaphysis
Epiphyseal - epiphysis plate Metaphyseal - between epiphysis and diaphysis |
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What is osteoporosis?
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when bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposition
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What are the steps of bone repair?
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A fracture hematoma forms
A fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus forms A hard (bony) callus forms The bone is remodeled |