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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what does the future brain develop from |
the cranial end of the neural tube |
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brains of neural tube from top to bottom |
1. Ed brain 2. Inter Brain 3. Mid brain 4. After Brain 5. Cord Brain |
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3 flexures of the brain at 5 weeks |
1. mesencephalic 2. Pontine 3. Cervical |
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4 areas of the brain |
Limbic system, cerebrum, Brain Stem, Cerebellum |
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what is the brain stem |
Reptilian brain |
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what does the brain stem do |
basic life support |
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what is the cerebellum |
little brain |
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what does the cerebellum do |
unconscious movements |
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what is the limbic system |
limbic system |
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what does the limbic system do |
basic survival instincts |
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what is the cerebrum |
human brain |
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what does the cerebrum do |
thinking, memory, language |
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what does the cerebellum maintain |
equilibrium/ posture |
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what does cerebellum regulate |
muscle tone |
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what does cerebellum coordinate |
muscle movement |
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two parts of the cerebrum |
diencephalon and telencephalon |
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parts of the diencephalon |
hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus |
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what does the habencular nuclei receive inputs from |
olfactory system |
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where does the habenular nuclei relay inputs to to link visceral reactions |
limbic system |
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what does the pineal gland do |
synthesizes melatonin from serotonin |
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a collection of motor and sensory relay nuclei |
thalamus |
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Thalamic nuclei to remember |
VPL, VPM, LGN, MGN |
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VPL: ventral posterior lateral |
general sensation from the body |
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VPM: ventral posterior medial |
general sensation from the head |
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LGN: lateral geniculate |
Vision |
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MGN: medial geniculate |
hearing |
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control of the menstrual cycle in females and spermatogenesis in males |
GnRH |
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where is GnRH |
preoptic area |
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what is the supraoptic area known as |
biological clock: parasympathetic responses |
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what is the tubal area involved in |
emotional behavior, feeding center, satiety center |
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integrates information from limbic system |
mammillary body |
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posterior hypothalamic area |
sympathetic responses |
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3 types of fibers in the cerebral white matter |
1. Projection 2. Commissural 3. Association |
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involved in regulation of information flow to the frontal cortex: control of voluntary actions, memory, and learning |
cuadate nucleus |
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unregulated activity of the globus pallidus leads to lack of normal movements, muscle rigidity and tremor |
parkinson's disease |
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deep cerebral nuclei |
amygdala cuadate putamen globus pallidus corpus striatum lentiform |
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A genetic condition leading to degeneration of the corpus striatum and cerebral cortex. Causes spontaneous, uncontrolled movements and eventually dementia |
Huntington's disease |
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the emotional brain |
limbic system |
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run between the brainstem and cerebral cortex |
Projection fibers |
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run from one hemisphere to the other |
commissural fibers |
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run in the same hemisphere |
association fibers |
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what are the limbic system functions |
olfaction and basic emotional drive |
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what is olfaction |
recent memory |
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what is basic emotional drive |
the four f's: fighting feeding fleeing fornication |
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provides an emotional response to environmental stimuli. Responsible for sexual attraction |
Amygdala |
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frontal lobe: primary somatomotor cortex (precentral gyrus): |
fine precise motor movements |
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frontal love functions: broca's area |
motor speech (left hemisphere) |
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frontal lobe functions: prefrontal cortex |
intelligence, personality, judgement, foresi |
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Parietal lobe functions: primary somatosensory cortex |
general sensations/ precise localization |
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Parietal lobe functions: primary gustatory area |
taste interpretation |
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parietal lobe functions: wernicke's area |
speech interpretation |
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Temporal lobe: primary auditory cortex has |
superior temporal gyrus |
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temporal lobe: auditory association cortex |
sound interpretation, speech interpretation |
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occipital lobe: primary visual cortex |
interpretation of shape, color, movement |
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occipital lobe: visual association cortex |
relates present to past visual experiences |
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impaired ability to perform purposeful acts |
apraxia |
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impaired ability to use language |
aphasia |
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impaired ability to recognize objects |
agnosia |
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what nerves does he peripheral nervous system consist of |
cranial nerves |
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Sensory Afferent |
GSA, GVA, SSA,SVA |
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motor efferent |
GSE, GVE, SVE, SSE |
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fracture of ethmoid bone or lesions of olfactory fibers may result in partial of total loss of smell, |
Anosmia |
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what does C1 do |
transmits information from neurons in the olfactory mucosa |
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what type of nerve is C1 |
Special sensory |
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what type of nerve is C2 |
Special sensory |
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what does C2 do |
transmits visual information from photoreceptors in the retina |
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what is the most common cuase of optice nerve damage |
glaucoma |
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what is glaucoma |
increased intraocular pressure leads to death of the retinal ganglion cells |
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what does damage to the optic nerve result in |
blindness in the eye |
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what is bitemporal hemianopsia (tunnel vision) due to |
damage of the optic chiasma |
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Extraocular muscles |
4 rectus and 2 obliques |
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what type of nerve is C3 |
somatic motor and visceral motor |
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oculomotor nerve paralysis |
nerve 3 paralyzed: at rest, this eyes cannot be upward or inward and at rest the eye with tun in laterally |
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what type of nerve is nerve 4 |
somatic motor |
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what is the action of C4 |
motor to superior oblique m |
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outward rotation of the eye due to unopposed action of the inferior oblique muscles, double vision, head tilted, weakness of downward gast, |
Trochlear nerve damage |
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whtat type of nerve is CN6 |
somatic motor |
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action of CN6 |
motor to the lateral rectus |
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what type of nerve is C6 |
somatic sensory |
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what does C5 do |
transmits sensory information from the Head dermatomes (V1, V2, V3) mucous membrane, meninges, cornea, tongue, and teeth |
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inflammation of the trigeminal nerve that produces the most excruciating pain |
Tic Douloureux |
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C7: somatic sensory |
very limited: transmits cutaneous sensation from the skin behind the ear |
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C7: special sensory |
transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the palate |
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C7: branchiomotor |
motor to the muscles of facial expression, the stapedius and the posterior belly of the digastric |
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C7: visceral motor |
parasympathetic to the lacrimal gland and 2 salivary glands |
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motor branches to muscles of facial expression and scalp muscles |
C7 |
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paralysis of facial muscles on affected side and partial loss of taste sensation, caused by herpes (inflamation and swelling of facial nerve) |
Bell's palsy |
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what type of nerve is C8 |
special sensory |
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C8: vestibular division |
transmits vestibular information from the maculae and cristae of the inner ear |
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C8: cochlear division |
transmits auditory information for the organ of corti |
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lesions of cochlear nerve or cochlear receptors: central or nerve deafness |
vestibulochochlear nerve damage |
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damage to vestibular division produces_______ |
dizziness, rapid involuntary eye movements, loss of balance, nauseas and vomiting |
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CN 9: somatic sensory |
transmits sensory information from the skin of the ear and the ear drum |
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CN 9: visceral sensory |
transmits information from the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic sinuses and carotid and aortic bodies |
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C9: special sensory |
transmits taste sensations from taste buds on on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue |
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CN 9: branchiomotor |
motor to 1 pharyngeal muscle |
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CN 9: visceral motor |
parasympathetic to the parotid gland |
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injury or inflammation of glossopharyngeal nerves impairs swallowing and taste on the posterior third of the tongue |
Glossopharyngeal nerve damage |
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CN 10: somatic sensory |
transmits sensation from the external ear canal and ear drum |
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CN 10: visceral sensory |
transmits general sensations from the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera |
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C10: special sensory |
transmits taste sensations from the epiglottis |
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C 10: branchiomotor |
motor to the muscles of the pharynx and muscles of the larynx |
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CN 10: visceral motor |
parasympathetic cardiac muscle and to the smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic and abdominal viscera |
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hoarseness or loss of voice, difficulty swallowing and impaired digestion |
vagus nerve damage |
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C 11 nerve type |
branchio motor |
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what is the action of CN 11: cranial root |
motor to the muscles of the pharynx and larynx |
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what is the action of CN 11: spinal root
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motor to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm. |
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injury to the spinal root of one accessory nerve causes head to turn toward injury side as result of sternocleidomastoid muscle paralysis. hard to shrug shoulder |
damage to accessory nerves (CN 11) |
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what type of nerve is CN 12 |
somatic motor |
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what is the action of CN 12 |
motor to the extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles |
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difficulty in speech and swallowing and moving tongue |
hypoglossal nerve damage |
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white matter of cerebellum |
arbor vitae |
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cortex: folds of cerebellum |
folia
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output neurons of the cerebellum |
purkinje cells |
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oh oh oh to touch and feel very green vegetables at home |
olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus accesory hypoglossal |
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some say marry money but my brother says big breasts matter more |
sensory sensory motor motor both motor both sensory both both motor motor |
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supra orbital nerve |
v1 |
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infraorbital nerve |
v2 |
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mental nerve |
v3 |
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mandibular division |
v3 |
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maxillary division |
v2 |
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ophthalamic division |
v1 |
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end brain |
telencephalon |
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inter brain |
diencephalon |
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midbrain |
mesencephalon |
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after brain |
metencephalon |
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cord brain |
myelencephalon |