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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The primary areas of the cerebral cortex are involved in:
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Primary Areas- Direct processing of primary sensory or motor information
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The Secondary areas of the cerebral cortex are:
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Secondary Areas - Association areas and are adjacent to primary areas; they integrate information involved in more complex processing that primary areas
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What lobe of the cerebral cortex is involved with motor functioning?
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Frontal
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Where is the primary motor cortex?
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The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe & the anterior paracentral gyrus (Medial frontal lobe)
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Function of the primary motor cortex.
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Voluntary control of precise movement (volitional movement)
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________is a collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord
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Pyramidal Tract
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Pyramidal cells are located in the:
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Pyramidal cells are located in the gray mater of the precentral gyrus
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The pyramidal tracts control contralateral sides meaning....
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Pyramidal Tracts are crossed therefore the pyramidal cells on one side of the brain control the muscles on the opposite side of the body
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What is the homunculus?
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The Homunculus describes a map of the entire body spacially represented on the Precentral and the Paracentral gyrus. Each pyramidal cell directs a particular group of muscles. Disproportionate areas that need more motor control are larger and have more pyramidal cells
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The Premotor Cortex sends impulses to the motor cortex and is important in learning _________ & __________
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The Premotor Cortex sends impulses to the motor cortex and is important in learning MOTOR SKILLS & PLANNING
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This area is anterior and inferior to the precentral gyrus and is a motor area for tongue lips and throat, and are thus involved with speech and preparation to speech.
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Broca's area
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Since Broca's area isn't bilateral then which side of the brain is it most commonly found?
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Left
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Which Lobes are the Sensory Areas?
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Parietal, Temporal, & Occipital
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Pyramidal cells cross in the lower brain stem, what is the area called where they cross?
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Pyramidal Decussation
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Broadmann's numbers to identify specific areas of ___________.
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Functionality
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The primary somatosensory area is responcible for recieving sensory information involving:
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Touch, temperature, and pain
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The primary somatosensory area is located....
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on the post central gyrus & posterior paracentral
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TRUE or FALSE: The Primary Somatosensory Area is very different than the Pyramidal tracts in that it controls the same side of the body.
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False: Both the Primary Somatosensory Area and the Pyramidal Tracts cross and control contralateral sides.
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This area is the area that understands and integrates sensory information from the Primary Somatosensory Area.
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Somatosensory association areas
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The somatosensory association area is located:
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Posterior to the postcentral gyrus
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Which lobe is the Visual Area on?
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Medial aspect of the occipital Lobe
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True or False: The right side of the Visual field projects to the left side of the visual area
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True
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The visual association areas interpret areas and are located:
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On either side of the Visual Area
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The primary auditory area is located:
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Superior posterior portion of the temporal lobe, inside the lateral sulcus. And on both sides of the brain (bilateral)
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Where is the auditory association area in relation to the auditory area?
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The auditory association area is posterior to the auditory area.
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What is the Wernicke's area involved with? and what side of the brain is it typically found?
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Speech; Left side of the brain
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The Olfactory Cortex is located in a special area called the Ulcus where is the Ulcus?
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The Ulcus is part of the inferior frontal lobe
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TRUE or FALSE: The gustatory (taste) area is part of the post central gyrus
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True
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What is an association area?
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An association area analyzes, recognizes and acts on sensory input in light of past experiences
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The prefrontal cortex association area is involved with:
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Learning skills, judgment, reasoning and personality
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The prefrontal cortex association area is located:
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On the anterior portion of the frontal lobe
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Where is the general interpretation area located?
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The temporal parietal and occipital lobes
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What does the General interpretation area do?
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Integrates information
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What are the language areas?
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Wernicke's & Broca's area
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TRUE or FALSE: The visceral association area is outside the lateral sulcus (insula)
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FALSE: The Visceral association area is INSIDE the lateral sulcus (insula)
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Which hemisphere is dominant for language?
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Left
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Which Hemisphere is typically involved with spacial perception, artist, emotion and musical skills?
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Right Hemisphere
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Where Hemisphere is typically involved with Language, Logic and Math?
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Left Hemisphere
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___________is responsible for communication between cerebral areas, the cerebral cortex and the lower CNS
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White Matter
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Where is white matter in relation to gray matter?
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White Matter is deep to gray matter
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Is white matter made up of myelinated or unmyelinated fibers?
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Myelinated
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What fibers communicate between lobes?
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Association Fibers
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What fibers communicate between two hemispheres?
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Commisural Fibers
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Communication between the lower and higher areas of the CNS & spinal cord is with ____________fibers.
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Projection Fibers
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What are Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)?
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Basal Nuclei are a deep group of nuclei in the cerebral cortex that influence MOTOR FUNCTION. (and is deep to the white matter)
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What are three parts of the Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)?
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The Caudate Nucleus
Putamen & Globus Pallidus |
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The Diencephalon is also called:
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The Central Core of the Brain
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The Diencephalon is made up of:
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Thalamus
Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus |
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What are some of the many functions of the hypothalamus?
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-Controls Autonomic Control
-Emotion/Limbic System -Temperature Regulation -Food Intake (controls desire to eat or not) -Water Balance - nuclei increase or decrease retention of fluids -Endocrine System - synthesizes Oxytocin & vasopressin and links to the pituitary gland which releases hormones throughout our body -Sleep-wake cycles |
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The Thalamus relays all sensory information except that of ____________.
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Olfaction
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This part of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland and it influences sleep/wake cycle and puberty.
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Epithalamus
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This part of the Diencephalon is involved with motor function and is part of the basal Nuclei/Ganglia.
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Subthalamus
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What connects the Spinal Cord to the Cerebrum?
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The Brain Stem
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What makes up the Brain Stem?
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Midbrain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata
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The Superior and Inferior Colliculi are in what part of the Brain Stem?
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Midbrain
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What Nerves are associated with the Midbrain?
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Crainial Nerves III & IV
(Oculomotor, and Trochlear) |
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TRUE or FALSE: The Superior Colliculi provide the Auditory Pathway.
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False The Superior Colliculi- Visual Pathway
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What Nerves are associated with the pons?
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Cranial nerves V-VIII
5. Trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Fascial 8. Vestibulocochlear |
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What is the part of the pons that controls respiration called?
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Pneumotaxic Center
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The Superior and Inferior Colliculi collectively are called _____________.
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The Superior and Inferior Colliculi collectively are called CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA.
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What Nerves are associated with the Medula Oblongata?
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Cranial Nerves IX-XII
9. Glossopharyngeal 10.Vagus 11. Spinal Accessory 12. Hypoglossal |
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What are some of the important physiological centers of the Medulla Oblongata?
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Cardiac, Vasomotor (Blood Pressure), Respiratory
and.... vomiting, swallowing, coughing, & sneezing |
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What are the purposes of the Cerebellum? and how are these purposes accomplished?
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Motor Coordination, Equilibrium & Proprioception and is accomplished because the cerebral cortex connects with the basal ganglia.
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What are some of the group of structures that make up the Limbic System?
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-Cingular Gyrus
-Setal Nuclei -Dentate Gyrus -Parahippocampal Gyrus -Hypothalymus -Amydala -Olfactory System |
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What is our Emotional Brain?
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Limbic System
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What are some functions of the Limbic System?
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Behavior, memory, feeding, mating & learning
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TRUE or FALSE: The Limbic System is a Functional area and not an anatomical area
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True
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_________is a scattered are Nuclei throughout the brain stem that keeps us alert
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Reticular Activating System
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TRUE or FALSE: The Reticular Activating System works to dampen our sensory input so we are able to focus on what is/isn't important in our surrounding environment.
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True
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