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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pectoantebrachialis
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Origin: manubrium of the sternum
Insertion: Flat tendon into the superficial fascia of the antebrachium above the elbow Action: Draws the forelimb toward the midline |
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pectoralis major
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Origin: Cranial half of the sternum and midventral raphe
Insertion: Proximal two-thirds of the shaft of the humerus Action: Draws the forelimb toward the midline and turns the manus forward |
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pectoralis minor
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Origin: From the six sternebrae and sometimes the xiphoid process, resulting in the appearance of several slips that appear to be separate muscles
Insertion: Ventral border of the humerus Action: Draws the forelimb toward the midline |
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xiphihumeralis
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Origin: Median raphe in the vicinity of the xiphoid process
Insertion: Along the ventral border of the humerus Action: Synergistic with the pectoralis minor in drawing the forelimb toward the midline |
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external oblique
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Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia and the last 9 or 10 ribs
Insertion: Median raphe of distal portion of sternum and linea alba from sternum to pubis Action: Compresses the abdominal region |
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internal oblique
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Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia in common with the external oblique, and dorsal iliac border
Insertion: Linea alba in common with the external oblique and transversus abdominis Action: Compresses the abdomen |
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transversus abdominis
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Origin: From the costal cartilages of the posterior ribs, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and ventral border of the ilium
Insertion: Linea alba in common with the two obliques Action: Compresses the abdomen |
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rectus abdominis
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Origin: Pubis
Insertion: First and second costal cartilage and proximal end of sternum Action: Compresses the abdominal region, pulls sternum and ribs caudally, causing flexion of the trunk |
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serratus ventralis
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Origin: From the surface of the first 9 or 10 ribs and the transverse processes of the last five cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Vertebral border of the scapula Action: Draws the scapula tooward the thoracic wall and helps to support the scapula |
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scalenes
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Origin: From the second through the ninth ribs
Insertion: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Action: Bends the neck and pulls ribs caudally |
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transversus costarum
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Origin: From the side of the sternum
Insertion: First rib and costal cartilage Action: Pulls the ribs cranially |
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intercostalis externus
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Origin: From a cranial rib
Insertion: To an adjacent caudal rib Action: Protracts the ribs |
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intercostalis internus
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Origin: From a caudal rib
Insertion: To an adjacent cranial rib Action: Retracts the ribs |
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serratus dorsalis
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Origin: From the middorsal fascia
Insertion: On the outer surface of the ribs Action: Anterior portion draws the ribs cranially while the posterior portion draws the ribs caudally |
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clavotrapezius
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Origin: Lambdoidal ridge, middorsal raphe over spine of the axis
Insertion: Clavicle and raphe between clavotrapezius and clavobrachialis Acton: protracts the humerus |
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clavobrachialis
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Origin: Clavicle and raphe between clavotrapezius and clavobrachialis
Insertion: Commonly inserted with the brachialis on the medial surface of the ulna distal Action: Flexes the forearm |
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acromiotrapezius
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Origin: Middorsal line from the spine of the axis to the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra
Insertion: Metacromion process and spine of the scapula Action: Adduct and stabilize the position of the scapulae |
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spinotrapezius
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Origin: May originate from the spinous processes of most of the thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Fascia of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles on either side of the spine Action: Pulls the scapula dorsally and caudally |
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latissimus dorsi
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Origin: Neural spines of the fourth or fifth thoracic to the sixth lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Medial surface of humerus at the proximal end Action: Pulls forelimb dorsocaudally |
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multifidus spinae
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Origin: Primarily transverse processes of vertebrae:
Insertion: Neural spines of more anterior vertebrae Action: When both sides contract simultaneously, extends the vertebral column; when contracted unilaterally, bends the vertebral column toward that side |
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longissimus dorsi
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Origin: From the ilium and neural spines of the vertebrae in the vertebral column
Insertion: Onto various processes of more anterior vertebrae of the vertebral vertebrae Action: Extends the vertebral column |
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spinalis dorsi
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Origin: From the neural spines of more posterior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Transverse processes of more cranial vertebrae Action: Extends the vertebral column |
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iliocostalis
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Origin: Lateral surface of the ribs
Insertion: Onto the lateral surface of more cranial ribs Action: Pulls the ribs together |
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sternomastoid
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Origin: Cranial end of the manubrium
Insertion: Lambdoidal ridge and mastoid portion of the temporal bone Action: As a pair - flexion of the head; individually - turns the head |
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cleidomastoid
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Origin: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: Clavicle Action: When clavicle is stationary - turns the head; when head is stationary - moves the clavicle anteriorly |
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sternohyoid
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Origin: First costal cartilage
Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Retracts the hyoid |
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sternothyroid
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Origin: First costal cartilage
Insertion: Thyroid cartilage of the larynx Action: Retracts the larynx |
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thyrohyoid
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Origin: lateral portion of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Protracts the larynx |
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stylohyoid
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Origin: Sylohyal, a segment of the lesser horn of the hyoid
Insertion: Body of the hyoid Action: Elevates the hyoid |
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mylohyoid
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Origin: Medial surface of the mandible
Insertion: Median raphe Action: Elevates the floor of the mouth |
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geniohyoid
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Origin: Ventral surface of the mandible
Insertion: Body of the hyoid Action: Protracts the hyoid |
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genioglossus
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Origin: Ventral surface of the mandible near the symphysis and dorsal to the geniohyoid
Insertion: Tongue Action: Draws tip of the tongue backward and the root forward |
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hyoglossus
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Origin: Body of the hyoid
Insertion: Tongue Action: Retracts and depresses the tongue |
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styloglossus
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Origin: Mastoid process
Insertion: Tongue Action: Retracts and elevates the tongue |
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rhomboideus capitis
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Origin: Lambdoidal ridge
Insertion: Dorsal border of the scapula Action: Rotates and pulls scapula cranially |
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rhomboideus cervicis and thoracis
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Origin: Vertebral spines of the first four thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Vertebral border and outer surface of the scapula Action: Adducts scapulae |
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splenius
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Origin: Midorsal line of neck and adjacent fascia
Insertion: Along the lambdoidal ridge of the occipital bone Action: The joint action of the left and right splenius muscles elevate or extend the head; individually, each muscle flexes the head laterally |
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semispinalis cervicis and capitis
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Origin: Spinous processes of cervical vertebra 7 and the first three thoracic vertebrae/prezygapophyses of cervical vertebrae 3-7 and first three thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Lambdoidal crest Action: Elevates the head |
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masseter
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Origin: From the zygomatic arch
Insertion: Masseteric fossa and adjacent portions of the mandible Action: Elevation of mandible |
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temporalis
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Origin: Most fibers originate from the temporal bone and a few from the zygomatic arch
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible Action: Elevates mandible |
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digastric
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Origin: From the mastoid and jugular processes
Insertion: Medial ventral border of the mandible Action: Depresses the mandible |
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supraspinatus
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Origin: From the entire surface of the supraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tuberosity of the humerus Action: Protracts the humerus |
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infraspinatus
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Origin: From the surface of the infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Lateral surface of the greater tuberosity of the humerus Action: Rotates the humerus laterally |
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teres major
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Origin: Cranial border of the scapula
Insertion: Proximal end of the humerus Action: Flexes and rotates the humerus medially |
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levator scapulae ventralis
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Origin: By two heads from the ventral surface of the transverse process of the atlas and from the basioccipital near thte tympanic bulla
Insertion: The two heads unite, forming a flat band that inserts onto the ventral border of the metacromion of the scapula and into the infraspinous fossa Action: Pulls scapula craniad |
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acromiodeltoid
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Origin: Acromion of the scapula
Insertion: Surface of the spinodeltoid muscle Action: Flexes the humerus and rotates it laterally |
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spinodeltoid
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Origin: Spine of the scapula
Insertion: Deltoid ridge of the humerus Action: Synergistic action with the acromiodeltoid in flexing the humerus and rotating it outward |
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teres minor
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Origin: Cranial border of the scapula near the glenoid fossa
Insertion: Greater tuberosity of the humerus Action: Synergistic action with the infraspinatus in rotating the humerus laterally |
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subscapularis
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Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tuberosity of the humerus Action: Adducts the humerus |
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epitrochlearis
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Origin: From the lateral border of latissimus dorsi
Insertion: By a thin aponeurosis continuous with the antebrachial fascia onto the olecranon of the ulna Action: Acts synergistically with the triceps brachii in extending the antebrachium |
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biceps brachii
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Origin: By a tendon above the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Insertion: By a tendon on the radial tuberosity Action: Flexes the forearm synergistically with the brachialis; tends to supinate the manus; and stabilizes the shoulder joint |
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triceps brachii
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Origin: (1) Lateral head-deltoid ridge of proximal end of humerus; (2) Long head-near glenoid fossa of axillary border of scapula; (3) medial head-consists of three parts, all of which originate from the humerus
Insertion: By a common strong tendon onto the surface of the olecranon of the ulna Action: Extends the forearm |
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sartorius
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Origin: Crest and ventral border of the ilium
Insertion: Patella, tibia, and fascia of the knee Action: Adducts and rotates the femur; extends the shank |
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gracilis
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Origin: Symphysis of the ischium and the pubis
Insertion: A thin aponeurosis on the medial surface of the tibia and continuous with the facia of the shank Action: Adducts and retracts the leg |
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biceps femoris
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia and patella Action: Abducts thigh and flexes the shank |
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caudofemoralis
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Origin: Transverse process of second and third caudal vertebrae
Insertion: Thin tendon along the lateral border of the patella Action: Abducts the thigh and extends the shank |
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semitendinosus
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia Action: Flexes the shank |
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semimembranosus
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Origin: Ischial tuberosity and adjacent area of the ischium
Insertion: Medial epicondyle of the femur and adjacent medial surface of the tibia Action: Extends the thigh |
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tensor fascia latae
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Origin: Ilium, fascia of surrounding hip muscles
Insertion: By fascia lata. The fascia lata on the surface of the patella Action: Helps to extend the shank |
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vastus medialis
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Origin: Femur
Insertion: Crosses the patella and inserts by means of the patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity Action: Extends the shank |
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rectus femoris
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Origin: Ilium near the acetabulum
Insertion: Crosses the patella and inserts by means of the patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity Action: Extends the shank |
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vastus lateralis
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Origin: Greater trochanter and adjacent area of the femur
Insertion: Crosses the patella and inserts by means of the patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity Action: Extends the shank |
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vastus intermedius
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Origin: Femur
Insertion: Crosses the patella and inserts by means of the patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity Action: Extends the shank |
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tibialis cranialis
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Origin: Proximal end of the tibia and the fibula
Insertion: Medial surface of the first metatarsal after passing beneath the extensor retinaculum Action: Flexes the pes |
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extensor digitorum longus
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Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the femur
Insertion: The tendon, after passing under the extensor retinaculum, inserts on the dorsal surface of the second and third phalanges of digits 2-5 Action: Extends the digits |
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flexor digitorum longus
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Origin: Fibula and tibia
Insertion: A common, broad tendon dividing into four discrete tendons that insert on the base of the terminal phalanx of each toe Action: Flexes toes and pes |
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gastrocnemius
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Origin: (1) Patella, the superficial fascia of the shank, the sesamoid bone located above the lateral epicondyle of the femur, and an aponeurosis from the plantaris and adjacent tibia. (2) The medial head originates from the sesamoid bone above the medial epicondyle and adjacent area of the femur
Insertion: By means of a common powerful tendon, the Achilles tendon, formed by the individual tendons of the gastrocnemius, the soleus, and the plantaris muscles, that inserts on the proximal end of the calcaneus Action: Extends the pes |
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gluteus maximus
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Origin: Last sacral and first caudal vertebrae, as well as adjacent fascia
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Action: Abducts the thigh |
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gluteus medius
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Origin: Crest and lateral surface of the ilium, last sacral and first caudal vertebrae and adjacent fascia
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Action: Abducts the thigh |