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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
(Eye socket/protective)
Opthalmological term for the eye socket, eyeball surrounded by fatty tissue in the bony orbit, shaped like a cone or pear |
Bony Orbit
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Ophthalmological term for eyeball
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Globe
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Protective of the eye
Lids contain tear gland, lacrimal glands blinking spreads tear fluid across front of the eye keeps eyes moist and protects from invading biological agents |
Lids, lashes
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Tear fluid contains chemicals which kill invading biological agent
protects eye from infections |
Lacrimal glands(tear glands)
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Small openings in corner of eye lids near the nose where tear fluid drains out fluid escapes into the venous system and is eliminated from body as waste
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Lacrimal ducts
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Hard tissue
Function is to hold contents of the eye Outer most layer of the eye |
Sclera (white of the eye)
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Transparent
"the window of the eye" |
Cornea
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Thin covering of the front portion of the eye and thinner layer of the eyelids
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Conjunctiva
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Colored portion of eye
Function is to control the amount of light passing into the eye |
Iris
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Hole in the iris through which light passes
Constricts in bright light, grows larger in dim light |
Pupil
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Transparent, living tissue
Changes shape to focus light rays on retina |
Lens
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Produced by ciliary body.
Flows in front of lens then out the pupil into space in front of iris and is drained out through the Canal of Schlemm. Function is to provide oxygen and nutrients for the lens. Lens tissue absorbs oxygen and nutrients from aquerous fluid. |
Aqueous Fluid
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Small vesicle in underside of front part of eye under the border where the cornea and sclera meet.
Aqueous fluid escapes through Canal of Schlemm |
Canal of Schlemm
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Mesh-like membrane covering Canal of Schlemm.
Aqueous fluid flows through the holes in the membrane |
Trabeculum meshwork
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Muscle which controls the shape of the lens
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Ciliary muscle
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Strands of tissue emanating from the ciliary muscle and attached to the edge of the lens
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Zonules or suspensory ligaments
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Second layer of the eye, below the sclera
Function is to provide nutrients and oxygen to the retina and other portions of the eye |
Choroid
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Comprised of the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid
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Uvea or uveal tract
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The "photographic playe" of the eye
Contains light sensitive cells called rods and cones, nerve fibers from the cells lead to the optic nerve |
Retina
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Center of the retina, location where fine vision occus(reading)
composed of only cones If macula does not function, then the individual is legally blind 20/200 visual acuity. (best vision) |
Macula
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Center of the mascular
Very small area in which extremely fine vision occurs |
Foreva
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light sensitive cells, look like rods under a microscope
Enable humans to see in dim light, see movement on the sides, and see black and white , and shades of gray |
Rods
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Light sensitive cells, look like cones under a microscope
Enable humans to distinguish color, to see very fine detail, and to see in bright light concentrated in center of retina |
Cones
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Nerve, the size of a number 2 pencil.
Emanating from back of the eye, retinal nerves all lead to the optic disk- the head of the optic nerve |
Optic Nerve
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Area of sclera where nerve fibers of theoptic nerve pass through a mesh-like structure.
Small holes in sclera allowing the nerve fibers to pas through the scleral tissue |
Lamina Oribosa
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Transparent jelly-like substance filling the space behind the lens
approximately 2/3 of the volume of the eye Function is to maintain the shape of the eye. |
Viterous body
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Location in the mid-brain where the two optic nerves of the eyes come together
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Optic chiasm
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SEE WITH BRAIN NOT EYES
Location in the brain where vision actually occurs. Location where the electrical nerve impulses generated by the visual mechanism are interpreted Located at the back of the skill above the neck |
Visual Cortex
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6 extra-ocular muscles:
Rectus muscles (medial, lateral, superior, inferior) Oblique (superior and inferior) |
Muscles
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All four rectus muscles emanate from the back of the bony orbit moving forward and attaching to the eyeball
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Point of insertion
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Move eye to the left and to the right
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Lateral and Medial
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Positioned on left side of left eye or outside, when pull or contracts, eye moves to the outside or away from middle of body (toward ear)
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Lateral Rectus
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Positioned near nose, when medial rectus muscles pulls or contracts, eye moves toward the nose or toward the middle of the body
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Medial Rectus
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Positioned on top of eye, when pulls or contracts, eye moves up
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Superior rectus muscle
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Positioned on underside of eye, when pulls or contracts, the eye moves down
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Inferior rectus muscle
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Attached at end of eye socket.
Moves forward and loops through the trochlea(a small bony protrusion slightly above the nose on the inside of the brow) The superior oblique moves back from the trochlea across the top of the globe and attaches on the back side of the globe. When the SO pills or contracts, it casues the eye to move DOWN AND IN. |
Superior oblique
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Begins at the front of the eye attaching to the bony structure near the nose, moves backward on the underside of the globe and attaches in the back of the eye.
When it pulls or contracts, it causes the eye to move upward and inward. |
Inferior Oblique
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