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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Movement of a chemical by the use of energy through a gradient, such as a cell membrane, in concentration or electrical potential. This movement is opposite the normal movement by diffusion.
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Active Transport
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The major source of energy for all chemical reactions of the body.
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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
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A type of connective tissue that contains large amounts of fat.
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Adipose Tissue
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The anterior surface at the bend of the elbow.
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Antecubital Fossa
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Area of the neck that is bordered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the anterior midline midline of the neck, and the inferior border of the madible.
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Anterior Triangle
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A division of the skeletal system, which includes the extremities ahd their attachments to the body.
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Appendicular Region
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A division of the skeletal system, which includes the head, neck, and trunk.
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Axial Region
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The armpit.
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Axilla
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A compnent of the nerve cell that conducts impulses away from the nerve cell body.
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Axon
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The noncellular layer in an epithelial cell that secures the overlying epithelial tissues.
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Basement Membrane
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Hollow areas within the body that contain organs and organ systems.
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Body Cavities
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Striated involuntary muscle that has the capacity to generate and conduct electrical impulses.
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Cardiac Muscle
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Area of the anterior triangle of the neck that contains the carotid artery and internal jugular vein.
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Carotid Triangle
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Plates of shiny conective tissue that are lubricated by synovial fluid, which provides a slippery surface over which the bones may move freely.
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Cartilage
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A strcture that surrounds protoplasm, consisting of the fatty substances that seperate one cell from its neighbors; also called the plasma membrane.
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Cell Membrane
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Made up of protoplasm or cytoplasm, specialized for particular functions, these are the building blocks of life.
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Cells
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Organelles that are essential in cell division.
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Centrioles
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Structures containing DNA within the cell's nucleus. Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
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Chromosomes
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Hair-like microtubule projections on the surface of a cell that can move materials over the cell surface.
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Cilia
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A fluid-filled body cavity that contains organs and connective tissue.
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Coelom
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Rows of tall, thin epithelial cells.
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Columnar
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The difference in concentrations of a substance on either side of a selectively permeable membrane.
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Concentration Gradient
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The hollow portion of the skull.
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Cranial Cavity
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Shrinkage of a cell that results when too much water leaves the cell through osmosis.
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Crenation
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Rows of square-shaped epithelial cells.
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Cuboidal
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A viscous liquid matrix that supports all internal cellular structures and provides a medium for intracellular transport; also called protoplasm.
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Cytoplasm
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A component of the nerve cell that recieves electricl impulses and conducts them toward the cell body.
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Dendrite
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The genetic material found on the chromosomes in the cell's nucleus.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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Sweating.
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Diaphoresis
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Movement of particles or solutes from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
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Diffusion
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The two sets of 23 chromosomes, one set donated by each parent, found in all cells, except sperm and ova cells, which only contain a total of 23 chromosomes.
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Diploid
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Potentially life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances.
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Dysrhythmias
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Salt or acid substances that become ionic conductors when dissolved in a solvent (ie, water). Chemicals dissolved in the blood.
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Electrolytes
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Negatively charged particles that are part of the make-up of an atom.
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Electrons
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The smallest unit of a single chemical substance, such as Hydrogen, Oxygen, or Potassium.
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Element
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The uptake of material through the cell membrane by a membrane-bound droplet or vesicle formed within the cell's protoplasm.
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Endocytosis
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A series of membranes in which proteins and fats are manufactured.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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The release of secretions from cells that have been accumulated in vesicles.
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Exocytosis
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Substances located outside of the cell membrane.
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Extracellular
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Fluid outside of the cell, in which most of the body's supply of sodium is contained.
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Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
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Process whereby a carrier molecule moves substances in or out of cells from areas of higher to lower concentration.
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Facilitated Diffusion
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A process of the movement of water out of plasma across the capillary membrane into the interstitial space.
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Filtration
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A tail-like microtubule structure capable of motion to propel the cell.
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Flagellum
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Areas in the infant's skull where the sutures between the skull bones have not yet closed.
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Fontanels
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Bony structures that attach the limbs to the body.
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Girdles
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A set of membranes in the protoplasm involved in the formation of sugars and complex proteins.
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Golgi Complex
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The 23 chromosomes found in a sperm or ova cell.
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Haploid
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An abnormal accumulation of bloody fluid within the pleural cavity following trauma.
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Hemothorax
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The maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiologic environment.
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Homeostasis
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Blood pressure in the vessel walls created by the heart beating pushes the water out of the capillary into the interstitial space.
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Hydrostatic Pressure
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Abnormal elevation of serum potassium levels.
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Hyperkalemia
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An abnormally high sodium level in the blood.
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Hypernatremia
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A diabetic emergency that occurs from a relative insulin deficiency, resulting in marked hyperglycemia but the abscence of ketones and acidosis.
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Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma (HHNC)
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A solution with an osmotic pressure greater than that of body fluid (is, a cell placed in the solution will shrink).
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Hypertonic
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Low blood glucose concentrations resulting in symptoms such as rapid respirations; pale, moist skin; and dizziness.
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Hypoglycemia
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Abnormally decreased potassium levels in the blood.
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Hypokalemia
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An abnormally low sodium level in the blood.
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Hyponatremia
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A solution with an osmotic pressure less than that of body fluid (is, a cell placed in the solution will swell).
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Hypotonic
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A state of decreased oxygenation.
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Hypoxia
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Skin, the covering of the body surface.
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Integument
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Substances, such as the organelles, that are found inside the cell membrane.
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Intracellular
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Fluid within cells in which most of the body's supply of potassium is contained.
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Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
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Not normally under conscious control, as in muscle.
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Involuntary
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Protein-lined pores or transport channels, specifically sized fore each substance, which allow electrolyte movements among the cells.
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Ion Channel
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A solution that has the same osmotic pressure as the cells and body fluids, (is, a cell placed in the solution will neither shrink nor swell).
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Isotonic
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The point where two or more bones come together, allowing movement to occur.
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Joint
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A sequence of reactions in an organism in which oxidation of acids provides energy for storagein phosphate bonds (as in ATP); also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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Krebs Cycle
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Tough white bands of tissue that bind joints together, conecting bones to cartilage.
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Ligaments
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The doubly layer of fatty components that create the outside of the cell membrane.
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Lipid Bilayer
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The process of disintegration or breakdown of cells that occurs when excess water enters the cell through osmosis.
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Lysis
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Membrane-bound vesicles that contain a variety of enzymes functioning as a cell's digestive system.
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Lysosomes
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The space between the lungs, in the center of the chest, that contains the heart, trachea, mainstem bronchi, part of the esophagus, and large blood vessels.
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Mediastinum
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A specialized form of cell division that results in the production of mature sperm and ova.
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Meiosis
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Hollow filamentous structures that make up carious components of the cell.
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Microtubules
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The division of one cell into two genetically identical and equal daughter cells.
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Mitosis
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Abnormal and persistent muscle spasms.
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Myoclonus
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Collectively, the name for the connective and supporting tissues of the nervous tissue.
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Neuroglia
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Small rod-like organelles that function as the metabolic centerof the cell and produce ATP.
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Mitochondria
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The main functional unit of the nervous system.
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Neuron
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Uncharged particles that are part of the make up of an atom.
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Neutrons
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Smooth muscle tissue.
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Nonstriated
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The membrane that surrounds the nucleous of the cell.
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Nuclear Envelope
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Rounded, dense structures in the protoplasm that contain RNA and synthesize proteins.
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Nucleoli
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The nerve center, or central body, of the cell, embedded within the protoplasm.
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Nucleus
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An opposing pressure to hydrostatic pressure, it pulls water back into the capillary from the intersititial space in an effort to create balance.
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Oncotic Force
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Different types of tissues working together to perform a particular function.
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Organ
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The internal structures within the cell.
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Organelles
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Any living thing considered as a whole, made up of various organ systems.
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Organism
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A group of organs that have a common purpose, such as the skeleton and muscles, circulatory, and respiratory systems, among others.
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Organ System
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The movement of a solvent, such as water, from an area of low solute concentration to one of concentration through a selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of a solute on both sides of the membrane.
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Osmosis
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The measure of the tendency of water to move by osmosis across a membrane.
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Osmotic Pressure
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Process in which oxygen is used chemically to produce energy from carbohydrates.
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Oxidative Metabolism
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The portion of the serous membrane that lines the walls of the trunk cavities.
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Parietal Portion
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The region around the heart.
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Pericardial Cavity
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An abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac.
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Pericardial Effusion
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the fluid-filled potential space between the layers of the pericardium.
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Pericardial Sac
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A condtion that occurs as fluid accumulates around the heart, which restrcts the heart's stroke volume.
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Pericardial Tamponade
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The serrous membranes that surround the heart.
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Pericardium
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The membrane that covers the bones of the skull and all other bones, except at articular surfaces.
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Periosteum
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The nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body by exiting between the vertebrae of the spine.
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Peripheral Nerves
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An inflammation of the peritonitis.
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Peritonitis
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Endocytosis involving solid particles.
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Phagocytosis
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Endocytosis involving liquid.
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Pinocytosis
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Serous membranes surrounding the lungs.
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Pleura
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The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura.
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Pleural Cavity
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An abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity.
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Pleural Effusion
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The small amount of lubricating fluid that fills the pleural cavity.
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Pleural Fluid
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An abnormal accumulation of air within the pleural cavity.
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Pneumothorax
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Positively charged particles that are part of the make-up of an atom.
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Protons
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A viscous liquid matrix that supports all internal cellular structures and provides a medium for intracellular transport; also called cytoplasm.
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Protoplasm
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A single layer of epithelial cells of varying heights, all of which attach to the basement membrane, but all do not reach the free surface.
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Pseudostratified Epithelium
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The space behind the knee.
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Popliteal Fossa
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Area of the neck containing the lymph nodes, brachial plexus, spinal accessory nerve, and a portion of the subclavian artery.
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Posterior Triangle
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Replacing dead cells with new cells on an ongoing basis.
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Remodeling
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