Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomy
|
Study of the structure of body parts
|
|
Physiology
|
Study of the function of body parts
|
|
Reference Subject
|
A hypothetical patient used to standardize anatomical and physiological values
|
|
Characteristics of the Reference Male
|
Age: 20-24
Height 68.5 in Weight 154 lb Total Body Fat Mass: 23.1 lb (15%) - Storage Fat Mass: 18.5 lb (12%) - Essential Fat Mass: 4.6 lb (3%) Total Muscle Mass 69 lb (44.8%); Total Bone Mass - 23 lb (14.9%); Other Mass - 38.9 lb (25.3%) |
|
Characteristics of the Reference Female
|
Age: 20-24
Height 64.5 in Weight 125 lb Total Fat Mass: 33.8 lb (27%) - Storage Fat Mass: 18.5 lb (15%) - Essential Fat Mass: 15 lb (12%) Total Muscle Mass: 45 lb (36%) Total Bone Mass: 15 lb (12%) Other Mass 31.2 lb (25%) |
|
Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy
|
Study of body structures large enough to be visible to the naked eye
|
|
Regional Anatomy
|
Study of all structures in a particular region of the body
|
|
Surface Anatomy
|
Study of internal structures in relation to overlying skin surface
|
|
Microscopic Anatomy
|
Study of body structures too small to be visible to the naked eye
|
|
Cytology
|
The study of cells
|
|
Histology
|
The study of tissues
|
|
Developmental Anatomy
|
The study of structural changes that occur throughout the lifespan
|
|
Embryology
|
The study of structural changes that occur before birth
|
|
Pathological Anatomy
|
The study of structural changes resulting from disease
|
|
Radiographic Anatomy
|
Study of internal structures as visualized by specialized scanning procedures
|
|
Palpation
|
Feeling organs through the external surface using hands
|
|
Auscultation
|
Listening to organ sounds, normally using a stethoscope
|
|
Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function
|
The function of a particular structure depends on said structure's form.
|
|
Levels of Structural Organization important to Anatomy and Physiology
|
Atomic
Molecular Chemical Organelle Cellular Tissue Organ Organ System Organism |
|
Tissue
|
Groups of similar cells working to perform a common function
|
|
Organ
|
Two or more tissues that perform a specific function
|
|
Organ System
|
Two or more organs that accomplish a common purpose
|
|
Organism
|
The sum total of structural levels beneath working to promote life.
|
|
Necessary Life Functions (7)
|
Maintaining Boundaries
Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth |
|
Survival Needs (5)
|
Nutrients
Oxygen Water Normal Body Temperature Normal Atmospheric Pressure |
|
Homeostasis
|
A dynamic state of balance in which conditions vary within a relatively narrow limit
|
|
Organ Systems in the Body (11)
|
Skeletal
Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive Integumentary |
|
Components of a Homeostatic Mechanism
|
Stimulus -> Receptor, -> Afferent Pathway -> Control Center -> Efferent Pathway -> Effector -> Response
|
|
Negative Feedback Mechanism
|
A homeostatic mechanism in which the response reduces or eliminates the stimulus.
|
|
Positive Feedback Mechanism
|
A homeostatic mechanism in which the response enhances the stimulus.
|
|
Organ Systems that act as Afferent Pathways in the Body (2)
|
Nervous System
Endocrine System |
|
Anatomical Position
|
Standard reference position for anatomical study
- Body is fully erect - Feet are slightly apart - Palms face forward; thumbs point away from the body |
|
Directional Terms
|
Anatomical terms used to describe the location of a particular structure
|
|
Superior/Cranial
|
Toward the head
|
|
Inferior/Caudal
|
Away from the head
|
|
Ventral/Anterior
|
Toward the front of the body
|
|
Dorsal/Posterior
|
Toward the back of the body
|
|
Medial
|
Toward the centerline of the body
|
|
Lateral
|
Away from the centerline of the body
|
|
Intermediate
|
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure or region of the body
|
|
Proximal
|
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
|
|
Distal
|
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
|
|
Superficial/External
|
Toward the surface of the body
|
|
Deep/Internal
|
Away from the surface of the body
|
|
Sagittal Plane
|
Vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts
|
|
Frontal Plane
|
Plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
|
|
Transverse/Horizontal Plane; Cross Section
|
Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
|
|
Oblique Section
|
Plane that is made which does not fit into the normal category.
|