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433 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
a-, an-
|
absence or lack
|
acardia - lack of a heart; anaerobic - in the absence of oxygen
|
|
ab-
|
departing from; away from
|
abnormal - departing from normal
|
|
acou-
|
hearing
|
acoustics - the science of sound
|
|
ac-, acro-
|
extreme or extremity; peak
|
acrodermatitis - inflammation of the skin of the extremities
|
|
ad-
|
to or toward
|
adorbital - toward the orbit
|
|
aden-, adeno-
|
gland
|
adeniform - resembling a gland in shape
|
|
amphi-
|
on both sides; of both kinds
|
amphibian - an organism capable of living in water and on land
|
|
angi-
|
vessel
|
angitis - inflammation of a lymph vessel or blood vessel
|
|
ant-, anti-
|
opposed to; preventing or inhibiting
|
anticoagulant - a substance that prevents blood coagulation
|
|
ante-
|
preceding; before
|
antecubital - in front of the elbow
|
|
arthr-, arthro-
|
joint
|
arthropathy - any joint disease
|
|
aut-, auto-
|
self
|
autogenous - self-generated
|
|
bi-
|
two
|
bicuspid - having two cups
|
|
bio-
|
life
|
biology - the study of life and living organisms
|
|
blast-
|
bud or germ
|
blastocyte - undifferentiated embryonic cell
|
|
broncho-
|
bronchus
|
bronchospasm - spasmodic contraction of bronchial muscle
|
|
bucco-
|
cheek
|
buccolabial - pertains to the cheek and lip
|
|
caput-
|
head
|
decapitate - remove the head
|
|
carcin-
|
cancer
|
carcinogen - a cancer-causing agent
|
|
cardi-, cardio-
|
heart
|
cardiotoxic - harmful to the heart
|
|
cephal-
|
head
|
cephalometer - an instrument for measuring the head
|
|
cerebro-
|
brain, especially the cerebrum
|
cerebrospinal - pertaining to the brain and spinal cord
|
|
chondr-
|
cartilage
|
chondrogenic - giving rise to cartilage
|
|
circum-
|
around
|
circumnuclear - surrounding the nucleus
|
|
co-, con-
|
together
|
concentric - common center, together in the center
|
|
contra-
|
against
|
contraceptive - agent preventing conception
|
|
cost-
|
rib
|
intercostal - between the ribs
|
|
crani-
|
skull
|
craniotomy - a skull operation
|
|
crypt-
|
hidden
|
cryptomenorrhea - a condition in which menstrual symptoms are experienced but no external loss of blood occurs
|
|
cyt-
|
cell
|
cytology - the study of cells
|
|
de-
|
undoing, reversal, loss, removal
|
deactivation - becoming inactive
|
|
di-
|
twice, double
|
dimorphism - having two forms
|
|
dia-
|
through, between
|
diaphragm - the wall through or between two areas
|
|
dys-
|
difficult, faulty, painful
|
dyspepsia - disturbed digestion
|
|
ec-, ex-, ecto-
|
out, outside, away from
|
excrete - to remove materials from the body
|
|
en-, em-
|
in, inside
|
encysted - enclosed in a cyst or capsule
|
|
entero-
|
intestine
|
enterologist - one who specializes in the study of intestinal disorders
|
|
epi-
|
over, above
|
epidermis - outer layer of skin
|
|
eu-
|
well
|
euesthesia - a normal state of the senses
|
|
exo-
|
outside, outer layer
|
exophthalmos - an abnormal protrusion of the eye from the orbit
|
|
extra-
|
outside, beyond
|
extracellular - outside the body cells of an organism
|
|
gastr-
|
stomach
|
gastrin - a hormone that influences gastric acid secretion
|
|
glosso-
|
tongue
|
glossopathy - any disease of the tongue
|
|
hema-, hemato-, hemo-
|
blood
|
hematocyst - a cyst containing blood
|
|
hemi-
|
half
|
hemiglossal - pertaining to one-half of the tongue
|
|
hepat-
|
liver
|
hepatitis - inflammation of the liver
|
|
hetero-
|
different or other
|
heterosexuality - sexual desire for a person of the opposite sex
|
|
hist-
|
tissue
|
histology - the study of tissue
|
|
hom-, homo-
|
same
|
homeophasia - formation of tissue similar to normal tissue; homocentric - having the same center
|
|
hydr-, hyrdo-
|
water
|
dehydration - loss of body water
|
|
hyper-
|
excess
|
hypertension - excessive tension
|
|
hypno-
|
sleep
|
hypnosis - a sleeplike state
|
|
hypo-
|
below, deficient
|
hypodermic - beneath the skin; hypokalemia - deficiency of potassium
|
|
hyster-, hystero-
|
uterus or womb
|
hysterectomy - removal of the uterus; hysterdynia - pain in the womb
|
|
im-
|
not
|
impermeable - not permitting passage, not permeable
|
|
inter-
|
between
|
intercellular - between the cells
|
|
intra-
|
within, inside
|
intracellular - inside the cell
|
|
iso-
|
equal, same
|
isothermal - equal, or same, temperature
|
|
leuko-
|
white
|
leukocyte - white blood cell
|
|
lip-, lipo-
|
fat, lipid
|
lipophage - a cell that has taken up fat in its cytoplasm
|
|
macro-
|
large
|
marcromolecule - large molecule
|
|
mal-
|
bad, abnormal
|
malfunction - abnormal functioning of an organ
|
|
mamm-
|
breast
|
mammary gland - breast
|
|
mast-
|
breast
|
mastectomy - removal of a mammary gland
|
|
meningo-
|
membrane
|
meningitis - inflammation of the membranes of the brain
|
|
meso-
|
middle
|
mesoderm - middle germ layer
|
|
meta-
|
beyond, between, transition
|
metatarsus - the part of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges
|
|
metro-
|
uterus
|
endometrium - the lining of the uterus
|
|
micro-
|
small
|
microscope - an instrument used to make small objects appear larger
|
|
mito-
|
thread, filament
|
mitochondria - small, filament-like structures located in cells
|
|
mono-
|
single
|
monospasm - spasm of a single limb
|
|
morpho-
|
form
|
morphology - the study of form and structure of organisms
|
|
multi-
|
many
|
multinuclear - having several nuclei
|
|
myelo-
|
spinal cord, marrow
|
myeloblasts - cells of the bone marrow
|
|
myo-
|
muscle
|
myocardium - heart muscle
|
|
narco-
|
numbness
|
narcotic - a drug producing stupor or numbed sensations
|
|
nephro-
|
kidney
|
nephritis - inflammation of the kidney
|
|
neuro-
|
nerve
|
neurophysiology - the physiology of the nervous system
|
|
ob-
|
before, against
|
obstruction - impeding or blocking up
|
|
oculo-
|
eye
|
monocular - pertaining to one eye
|
|
odonto-
|
teeth
|
orthodontist - one who specializes in proper positioning of the teeth in relation to each other
|
|
ophthalmo-
|
eye
|
ophthalmology - the study of the eyes and related disease
|
|
ortho-
|
straight, direct
|
orthopedic - correction of deformities of the musculoskeletal system
|
|
osteo-
|
bone
|
osteodermia - bony formations in the skin
|
|
oto-
|
ear
|
otoscope - a device for examining the ear
|
|
oxy-
|
oxygen
|
oxygenation - the saturation of a substance with oxygen
|
|
pan-
|
all, universal
|
panacea - a cure-all
|
|
para-
|
beside, near
|
paranuclear - beside the nucleus
|
|
peri-
|
around
|
perianal - situated around the anus
|
|
phago-
|
eat
|
phagocyte - a cell that engulfs and digests particles or cells
|
|
phleb-
|
vein
|
phlebitis - inflammation of the veins
|
|
pod-
|
foot
|
podiatry - the treatment of foot disorders
|
|
poly-
|
multiple
|
polymorphism - multiple forms
|
|
post-
|
after, behind
|
posterior - places behind (a specific) part
|
|
pre-, pro-
|
before, ahead
|
prenatal - before birth
|
|
procto-
|
rectum, anus
|
proctoscope - an instrument for examining the rectum
|
|
pseudo-
|
false
|
pseudotumor - a false tumor
|
|
psycho-
|
mind, psyche
|
psychogram - a chart of personality traits
|
|
pyo-
|
pus
|
pyocyst - a cyst that contains pus
|
|
ren-
|
kidney
|
renal renin - an enzyme secreted by the kidney
|
|
retro-
|
backward, behind
|
retrogression - to move backward in development
|
|
sclero-
|
hard
|
sclerodermatitis - inflammatory thickening and hardening of the skin
|
|
semi-
|
half
|
semicircular - having a form of half a circle
|
|
steno-
|
narrow
|
stenocoriasis - narrowing of the pupil
|
|
sub-
|
beneath, under
|
sublingual - beneath the tongue
|
|
super-
|
above, upon
|
superior - quality or state of being above others or a part
|
|
supra-
|
above, upon
|
supracondylar - above a condyle
|
|
sym-, syn-
|
together, with
|
synapse - the region of communication between two neurons
|
|
tachy-
|
rapid
|
tachycardia - abnormally rapid heartbeat
|
|
therm-
|
heat
|
thermometer - an instrument used to measure neat
|
|
tox-
|
poison
|
toxicology - study of poisons
|
|
trans-
|
across, through
|
transpleural - through the pleura
|
|
tri-
|
three
|
trifurcation - division into three branches
|
|
viscero-
|
organ, viscera
|
visceroinhibitory - inhibiting the movements of the viscera
|
|
-able
|
able to, capable of
|
viable - ability to live or exist
|
|
-ac
|
referring to
|
cardiac - referring to the heart
|
|
-algia
|
pain in a certain part
|
neuralgia - pain along the course of a nerve
|
|
-ary
|
associated with, relating to
|
coronary - associated with the heart
|
|
-cide
|
destroy or kill
|
germicide - an agent that kills germs
|
|
-ectomy
|
cutting out, surgical removal
|
appendectomy - cutting out of the appendix
|
|
-emia
|
condition of the blood
|
anemia - deficiency of red blood cells
|
|
-ferent
|
carry
|
efferent nerves - carrying impulses away from the CNS
|
|
-fuge
|
driving out
|
vermifuge - a substance that expels worms from the intestine
|
|
-gen
|
an agent that initiates
|
pathogen - any agent that produces disease
|
|
-gram
|
data that are systematically recorded, a record
|
electrocardiogram - a recording showing action of the heart
|
|
-graph
|
an instrument recording data or writing
|
electrocardiograph - an instrument used to make an electrocardiogram
|
|
-ia
|
condition
|
insomnia - condition of not being able to sleep
|
|
-iatrics
|
medical specialty
|
geriatrics - the branch of medicine dealing with disease associated with old age
|
|
-itis
|
inflammation
|
gastritis - inflammation of the stomach
|
|
-logy
|
the study of
|
pathology - the study of changes in structure and function brought on by disease
|
|
-lysis
|
loosening or breaking down
|
hydrolysis - chemical decomposition of a compound into other compounds as a result of taking up water
|
|
-malacia
|
soft
|
osteomalacia - a process leading to bone softening
|
|
-mania
|
obsession, compulsion
|
erotomania - exaggeration of sexual passions
|
|
-odyn
|
pain
|
coccygodynia - pain in the region of the coccyx
|
|
-oid
|
like, resembling
|
cuboid - shaped as a cube
|
|
-oma
|
tumor
|
lymphoma - a tumor of the lymphatic tissues
|
|
-opia
|
defect of the eye
|
myopia - nearsightedness
|
|
-ory
|
referring to, of
|
auditory - referring to hearing
|
|
-pathy
|
disease
|
osteopathy - any disease of the bone
|
|
-phobia
|
fear
|
acrophobia - fear of heights
|
|
-plasty
|
reconstruction of a part, plastic surgery
|
rhinoplasty - reconstruction of the nose through surgery
|
|
-plegia
|
paralysis
|
paraplegia - paralysis of the lower half of the body or lower limbs
|
|
-rrhagia
|
abnormal or excessive discharge
|
metrorrhagia - uterus hemorrhage
|
|
-rrhea
|
flow or discharge
|
diarrhea - abnormal emptying of the bowels
|
|
-scope
|
instrument used for examination
|
stethoscope - instrument used to listen to sound of parts of the body
|
|
-stasis
|
arrest, fixation
|
hemostasis - arrest of bleeding
|
|
-stomy
|
establishment of an artificial opening
|
enterostomy - the formation of an artificial opening into the intestine through the abdominal wall
|
|
-tomy
|
to cut
|
appendectomy - surgical removal of the appendix
|
|
-ty
|
condition of, state
|
immunity - condition of being resistant to infection or disease
|
|
-uria
|
urine
|
polyuria - passage of an excessive amount of urine
|
|
-apsi
|
juncture
|
synapse - where two neurons communicate
|
|
-asthen
|
weakness
|
myasthenia gravis - a disease involving paralysis
|
|
-bryo
|
swollen
|
embryo
|
|
-cipit
|
head
|
occipital
|
|
-clast
|
break
|
osteoclast - a cell that dissolves bone matrix
|
|
-crine
|
separate
|
endrocrine organs - which secrete hormones into the blood
|
|
-dips
|
thirst, dry
|
polydipsia - excessive thirst associated with diabetes
|
|
-ell, -elle
|
small
|
organelle
|
|
-esthesi
|
sensation
|
anesthesia - lack of sensation
|
|
-form, -forma
|
shape
|
cribriform - plate of the ethmoid bone
|
|
-glea, -glia
|
glue
|
neuroglia - the connective tissue of the nervous system
|
|
-ism
|
condition
|
hyperthyroidism
|
|
-lemma
|
sheath, husk
|
sarcolemma - the plasma membrane of a muscle cell
|
|
-nata
|
bith
|
prenatal development
|
|
-nom
|
govern
|
autonomic nervous system
|
|
-phasia
|
speech
|
aphasia - lack of ability to speak
|
|
-phil, -philo
|
like, love
|
hydrophilic - water-attracting molecules
|
|
-phragm
|
partition
|
diaphragm - which separates the throacic and abdominal cavities
|
|
-phylax
|
guard, preserve
|
prophylaxis - to guard in advance, as in preventive treatment
|
|
-plas
|
grow
|
neoplasia - an abnormal growth
|
|
-plasm
|
form, shape
|
cytoplasm
|
|
-some
|
body
|
chromosome
|
|
-sorb
|
suck in
|
absorb
|
|
-stalsis
|
compression
|
peristalsis - muscular contractions that propel food along the digestive tract
|
|
-stitia
|
come to stand
|
interstitial fluid - between the cells
|
|
-tegm
|
cover
|
integument
|
|
-trud
|
thrust
|
protrude - detrusor muscle
|
|
-zyme
|
ferment
|
enzyme
|
|
adren-
|
toward the kidney
|
adrenal gland - adjacent to the kidney
|
|
aero-
|
air
|
aerobic respiration - oxygen-requiring metabolism
|
|
af-
|
toward
|
afferent neurons - which carry impulses to the central nervous system
|
|
agon-
|
contest
|
agonistic and antagonistic muscles - which oppose each other
|
|
alb-
|
white
|
corpus albicans of the ovary - a white scar tissue
|
|
aliment-
|
nourish
|
alimentary canal, or digestive tract
|
|
allel-
|
of one another
|
alleles - alternative expressions of a gene
|
|
ana-
|
apart, up, again
|
anaphase of mitosis - when the chromosomes separate
|
|
anastomos-
|
come together
|
arteriovenous anastomosis - a connection between an artery and a vein
|
|
aneurysm-
|
a widening
|
aortic aneurysm - a weak spot that causes enlargement of the blood vessel
|
|
angin-
|
choked
|
angina pectoris - a choked feeling in the chest due to dysfunction of the heart
|
|
aort-
|
great artery
|
aorta
|
|
ap-, api-
|
tip, extremity
|
apex of the heart
|
|
append-
|
hang to
|
appendicular skeleton
|
|
aqua-, aque-
|
water
|
aqueous solutions
|
|
arbor-
|
tree
|
arbor vitae of the cerebellum - the treelike pattern of white matter
|
|
areola-
|
open space
|
areolar connective tissue - a loose connective tissue
|
|
arrect-
|
upright
|
arrector pili muscles of the skin - which make the hairs stand erect
|
|
artic-
|
joint
|
articular surfaces of bones - the points of connection
|
|
atri-
|
vestibule
|
atria - upper chambers of the heart
|
|
auscult-
|
listen
|
auscultatory method for measuring blood pressure
|
|
ax-, axi-, axo-
|
axis, axle
|
axial skeleton; axis of vertebral column
|
|
azyg-
|
unpaired
|
azygous vein - an unpaired vessel
|
|
baro-
|
pressure
|
baroreceptors for monitoring blood pressure
|
|
basal
|
base
|
basal lamina of epithelial basement membrane
|
|
bili-
|
bile
|
bilirubin - a bile pigment
|
|
brachi-
|
arm
|
brachial plexus of peripheral nervous supplies the arm
|
|
brady-
|
slow
|
bradycardia - abnormally slow heart rate
|
|
brev-
|
short
|
peroneus brevis - a short leg muscle
|
|
calor-
|
heat
|
calories - a measure of energy
|
|
capill-
|
hair
|
blood and lymph capillaries
|
|
carneo-
|
flesh
|
trabeculae carneae - ridges of muscle in the ventricles of the heart
|
|
cata-
|
down
|
catabolism – chemical breakdown
|
|
caud-
|
tail
|
caudal (directional term)
|
|
carot-
|
carrot, stupor
|
carotene - an orange pigment; carotid arteries in the neck - blockage causes fainting
|
|
cec-
|
blind
|
cecum of large instestine – a blind ended pouch
|
|
cele-
|
abdominal
|
celiac artery – in the abdomen
|
|
chole-
|
bile
|
cholesterol; cholecystokinin – a bile-secreting hormone
|
|
cervic-, cervix-
|
neck
|
cervix of the uterus
|
|
chrom-
|
colored
|
chomosome - so named because they stain darkly
|
|
cili-
|
small hair
|
ciliated ephithelium
|
|
clavic-
|
key
|
clavicle - a "skeleton" key
|
|
coccy-
|
cuckoo
|
coccyx - which is beak-shaped
|
|
cochlea
|
snail shell
|
the cochlea of the inner ear - which is coiled like a snail shell
|
|
coel-
|
hollow
|
coelom - the ventral body cavity
|
|
commis-
|
united
|
gray commisure of the spinal cord connects the two columns of gray matter
|
|
concha
|
shell
|
nasal conchae - coiled shelves of bone in the nasal cavity
|
|
corn-, cornu-
|
horn
|
stratum corneum - outer layer of the skin composed of (horny) cells
|
|
corona
|
crown
|
coronal suture of the skull
|
|
corp-
|
body corpse
|
corpus luteum - hormone-secreting body in the ovary
|
|
cort-
|
bark
|
cortex - the outer layer of the brain, kidney, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes
|
|
cusp-
|
pointed
|
bicuspid, tricuspid valves of the heart
|
|
cutic-
|
skin
|
cuticle of the nail
|
|
cyan-
|
blue
|
cyanosis - blue color of the skin due to lack of oxygen
|
|
cyst-
|
sac
|
bladder cystitis - inflammation of the urinary bladder
|
|
decid-
|
falling off
|
deciduous (milk) teeth
|
|
delta
|
triangular
|
deltoid muscle - roughly triangular in shape
|
|
den-, dent-
|
tooth
|
dentin of the tooth
|
|
dendr-
|
tree, branch
|
dendrites, telodendria - both branches of a neuron
|
|
derm-
|
skin
|
dermis - deep layer of the skin
|
|
desm-
|
bond
|
desmosome - which binds adjacent epithelial cells
|
|
dialys-
|
separate, break apart
|
kidney dialysis - in which wast products are removed from the blood
|
|
diastol-
|
stand apart
|
cardiac diastole - between successive contractions of the heart
|
|
diure-
|
urinate
|
diuretic - a drug that increases urine output
|
|
dors-
|
the back
|
dorsal; dorsum; dorsiflexion
|
|
duc-, duct-
|
lead, draw
|
ductus deferens which carries sperm from the epididymis into the urethra during ejaculation
|
|
dura-
|
hard
|
dura mater - tough outer meninx
|
|
ectop-
|
displaced
|
ectopic pregnancy; ectopic focus for initiation of heart contraction
|
|
edem-
|
swelling
|
edema – accumulation of water in body tissue
|
|
ef-
|
away
|
efferent nerve fibers – which carry impulses away from the central nervous system
|
|
ejac-
|
to shoot forth
|
ejaculation of semen
|
|
embol-
|
wedge
|
embolus – an obstructive object traveling in the bloodstream
|
|
enceph-
|
brain
|
encephalitis – inflammation of the brain
|
|
endo-
|
within, inner
|
endocytosis – taking particles into a cell
|
|
erythr-
|
red
|
erythema – redness of the skin; erythrocyte – red blood cell
|
|
eso-
|
within
|
esophagus
|
|
excret-
|
separate
|
excretory system
|
|
extrins-
|
from the outside
|
extrinsic regulation of the heart
|
|
fasci-, fascia-
|
bundle, band
|
superficial and deep fascia
|
|
fenestr-
|
window
|
fenestrated capillaries
|
|
ferr-
|
iron
|
transferring, ferritin – both iron-storage proteins
|
|
flagell-
|
whip
|
flagellum – the tail of a sperm cell
|
|
flat-
|
blow, blown
|
flatulence
|
|
folli-
|
bag, bellows
|
hair follicle
|
|
fontan-
|
fountain
|
fontanels of the fetal skull
|
|
foram-
|
opening
|
foramen magnum of the skull
|
|
foss-
|
ditch
|
fossa ovalis of the heart; mandibular fossa of the skull
|
|
gam-, gamet-
|
married, spouse
|
gametes – the sex cells
|
|
gangli-
|
swelling or knot
|
dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves
|
|
gene
|
beginning, origin
|
genetics
|
|
germin-
|
grow
|
germinal epithelium of the gonads
|
|
gero-, geront-
|
old man
|
gerontology – the study of aging
|
|
gest-
|
carried
|
gestation – the period from conception to birth
|
|
glauc-
|
gray
|
glaucoma – which causes gradual blindness
|
|
glom-
|
ball
|
glomeruli – clusters of capillaries in the kidneys
|
|
gluco-, glyco-
|
glucose
|
gluconeogenesis – the production of glucose form noncarbohydrate molecules
|
|
glute-
|
buttock
|
gluteus maximus – largest muscle of the buttock
|
|
gnost-
|
knowing
|
the Gnostic sense – a sense of awareness of self
|
|
gompho-
|
nail
|
gomphosis – the term applied to the joint between tooth and jaw
|
|
gon-, gono-
|
seed, offspring
|
gonads – the sex organs
|
|
gust-
|
taste
|
gustatory sense – the sense of taste
|
|
hapt-
|
fasten, grasp
|
hapten – a partial antigen
|
|
hiat-
|
gap
|
the hiatus of the diaphragm – the opening through which the esophagus passes
|
|
hippo-
|
horse
|
hippocampus of the brain – shaped like a seahorse
|
|
hirsut-
|
hairy
|
hirsutism – excessive body hair
|
|
holo-
|
whole
|
holocrine glands – whose secretions are whole cells
|
|
hormon-
|
to excite
|
hormones
|
|
humor-
|
a fluid
|
humoral immunity – which involves antibodies circulating in the blood
|
|
hyal-
|
clear
|
hyaline cartilage – which as not visible fibers
|
|
ile-
|
intestine
|
ileum – the past portion of the small intestine
|
|
intercal-
|
insert
|
intercalated discs – the end membranes between adjacent cardiac muscle cells
|
|
jugul-
|
throat
|
jugular veins – prominent vessels in the neck
|
|
juxta-
|
near, close to
|
juxtaglomerular apparatus – a cell cluster next to a glomerulus in the kidneys
|
|
karyo-
|
kernel, nucleus
|
karyotype – the assemblage of the nuclear chromosomes
|
|
kera-
|
horn
|
keratin – the water-repellant protein of the skin
|
|
kilo-
|
thousand
|
kilocalories – equal to 1000 calories
|
|
kin-, kines-
|
move
|
kinetic energy – the energy of motion
|
|
labi-, labri-
|
lip
|
labial frenulum – the membrane which joins the lip to the gum
|
|
lact-
|
milk
|
lactose – milk sugar
|
|
lacun-
|
space, cavity, lake
|
lacunae – the spaces occupied by cells of cartilage and bone tissue
|
|
lamell-
|
small plate
|
concentric lamellae – rings of bone matrix in compact bone
|
|
lamina
|
layer, sheet
|
basal lamina – part of the epithelial basement membrane
|
|
lat-
|
wide
|
latissimus dorsi – a broad muscle of the back
|
|
laten-
|
hidden
|
latent period of a muscle twitch
|
|
later-
|
side
|
lateral (directional term)
|
|
leva-
|
raise, elevate
|
levator labii superioris – muscle that elevates upper lip
|
|
lingua-
|
tongue
|
lingual tonsil – adjacent to the tongue
|
|
lith-
|
stone
|
cholelithiasis – gallstones
|
|
luci-
|
clear
|
stratum lucidum – clear layer of the epidermis
|
|
lumen
|
light
|
lumen – center of a hollow structure
|
|
lut-
|
yellow
|
corpus luteum – a yellow, hormone-secreting structure in the ovary
|
|
lymph
|
water
|
lymphatic circulation – return of clear fluid to the bloodstream
|
|
macula
|
spot
|
macula lutea – yellow spot on the retina
|
|
magn-
|
large
|
foramen magnum – largest opening in the skull
|
|
mater
|
mother
|
mura mater, pia mater – membranes that envelop the brain
|
|
meat-
|
passage
|
external acoustic meatus – the ear canal
|
|
medi-
|
middle
|
medial (directional term)
|
|
medull-
|
marrow
|
medulla – the middle portion of the kidney, adrenal gland, and lymph node
|
|
mega-
|
large
|
megakaryocyte – large precursor cell of platelets
|
|
meio-
|
less
|
meiosis – nuclear division that halves the chromosome number
|
|
melan-
|
black
|
melanocytes – which secrete the black pigment melanin
|
|
men-, menstru-
|
month
|
menses – the cyclic menstrual flow
|
|
mer-, mero-
|
a part
|
merocrine glands – the secretions of which do not include the cell
|
|
mictur-
|
urinate
|
micturition – the act of voiding the bladder
|
|
mnem-
|
memory
|
amnesia
|
|
mur-
|
wall
|
intramural ganglion – a nerve junction within an organ
|
|
muta-
|
change
|
mutation – change in the base sequence of DNA
|
|
nano-
|
dwarf
|
nanometer – one-billionth of a meter
|
|
natri-
|
sodium
|
atrial natriuretic peptide – a sodium-regulating hormone
|
|
necro-
|
death
|
necrosis – tissue death
|
|
neo-
|
new
|
neoplasm – an abnormal growth
|
|
noci-
|
harmful
|
nociceptors – receptors for pain
|
|
nom-
|
name
|
innominate artery; innominate bone
|
|
noto-
|
back
|
notochord – the embryonic structure that precedes the vertebral column
|
|
nucle-
|
pit, kernel, little nut
|
nucleus
|
|
nutri-
|
feed, nourish
|
nutrition
|
|
olfact-
|
smell
|
olfactory nerves
|
|
oligo-
|
few
|
oligodendrocytes – neuroglial cells with few branches
|
|
onco-
|
a mass
|
oncology – study of cancer
|
|
oo-
|
egg
|
oocyte – precursor of femal gamete
|
|
ord-
|
circular
|
orticularis oculi – muscle that encircles the eye
|
|
orchi-
|
testis
|
cryptorchidism – failure of the testis to descend into the scrotum
|
|
org-
|
living
|
orgamism
|
|
osm-
|
smell
|
anosmia – loss of sense of smell
|
|
osmo-
|
pushing
|
osmosis
|
|
ov-, ovi-
|
egg
|
ovum; oviduct
|
|
papill-
|
nipple
|
dermal papillae – projections of the dermis into the epidermal area
|
|
pect-, pectus
|
breast
|
prectoralis major – a large chest muscle
|
|
pelv-
|
a basin
|
pelvic girdle – which cradles the pelvic organs
|
|
peni-
|
a tail
|
penis; penile urethra
|
|
penna-
|
feather
|
unipennate, bipennate muscles – whose fascicles have a feathered appearance
|
|
pent-
|
five
|
pentose – a 5-carbon sugar
|
|
pep-, peps-, pept-
|
digest
|
pepsin – a digestive enzyme of the stomach; peptic ulcer
|
|
per-, permea-
|
through
|
permeate; permeable
|
|
pheno-
|
show, appear
|
phenotype – the physical appearance of an individual
|
|
pia
|
tender
|
pia mater – delicate inner membrane around the brain and spinal cord
|
|
pili-
|
hair
|
arrector pili muscles of the skin – which make the hairs stand erect
|
|
pin-, pino-
|
drink
|
pinocytosis – the engulfing of small particles of a cell
|
|
platy-
|
flat, broad
|
platysma – broad, flat muscles of the neck
|
|
pleur-
|
side, rib
|
pleaural serosa – the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs
|
|
plex-, plexus
|
net, network
|
brachial plexus – the network of nerves that supplies the arm
|
|
pheumo-
|
air, wind
|
pheumothorax – air in the thoracic cavity
|
|
pron-
|
bent forward
|
prone; pronate
|
|
propri-
|
one’s own
|
proprioception – awareness of body parts and movement
|
|
ptos-
|
fall
|
renal ptosis – a condition in which the kidneys drift below their normal position
|
|
pub-
|
of the pubis
|
puberty
|
|
pulmo-
|
lung
|
pulmonary artery – which brings blood to the lungs
|
|
pyro-
|
fire
|
pyrogen – a substance that induces fever
|
|
quad-, quadr-
|
four-sided
|
quadratus lumborum – a muscle with a square shape
|
|
re-
|
back, again
|
reinfect
|
|
rect-
|
straight
|
rectus abdominis; rectum
|
|
rectin-, retic-
|
net, network
|
endoplasmic reticulum – a network of membranous sacs within a cell
|
|
rheum-
|
watery flow, change, or flux
|
rheumatoid arthritis; rheumatic fever
|
|
rhin-, rhino-
|
nose
|
rhinitis – inflammation of the nose
|
|
ruga-
|
fold, wrinkle
|
rugae – the folds of the stomach, gallbladder, and urinary bladder
|
|
sagitt-
|
arrow
|
sagittal (directional term)
|
|
salta-
|
leap
|
salutatory conduction – the rapid conduction of impulses along myelinated neurons
|
|
sanguine-
|
blood
|
consanguineous – indicative of a genetic relationship between individuals
|
|
sarco-
|
flesh
|
sarcomere – unit of contraction in skeletal muscle
|
|
saphen-
|
visible, clear
|
great saphenous vein – superficial vein of the thigh and leg
|
|
seb-
|
grease
|
sebum – the oil of the skin
|
|
semen
|
see, sperm
|
semen – the discharge of the male reproductive system
|
|
sens-
|
feeling
|
sensation; sensory
|
|
septi-
|
rotten
|
sepsis – infection; antiseptic
|
|
septum
|
fence
|
nasal septum
|
|
sero-
|
serum
|
serological tests – assess blood conditions
|
|
serrat-
|
saw
|
serratus anterior – a muscle of the chest wall that has a jagged edge
|
|
sin-, sino-
|
a hollow
|
sinuses of the skull
|
|
soma-
|
body
|
somatic nevous sustem
|
|
somn-
|
sleep
|
insomnia – inability to sleep
|
|
sphin-
|
squeeze
|
sphincter
|
|
splanchn-
|
organ
|
splanchnic nerve – autonomic supply to abdominal viscera
|
|
spondyl-
|
vertegra
|
ankylosing spondylitis – rheumatoid arthritis affecting the spine
|
|
squam-
|
scale, flat
|
squamous suture of the skull
|
|
strat-
|
layer
|
strata of the epidermis; stratified epithelium
|
|
stria-
|
furrow, streak
|
striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue
|
|
stroma
|
spread out
|
stroma – the connective tissue framework of some organs
|
|
sucr-
|
sweet
|
sucrose – table sugar
|
|
sudor-
|
sweat
|
sudoriferous glands – the sweat glands
|
|
synerg-
|
work together
|
synergism
|
|
systol-
|
contraction
|
systole – contraction of the heart
|
|
tact-
|
touch
|
tactile sense
|
|
telo-
|
the end
|
telophase – the end of mitosis
|
|
templ-, tempo-
|
time
|
temporal summation of nerve impulses
|
|
tens-
|
stretched
|
muscle tension
|
|
terti-
|
third
|
fibularis tertius – one of three fibularis muscles
|
|
tetan-
|
rigid, tense
|
tentanus of the muscles
|
|
thromb-
|
clot
|
thrombocyte; thrombus
|
|
thyro-
|
a shield
|
thyroid gland
|
|
tissu-
|
woven
|
tissue
|
|
tono-
|
tension
|
tonicity; hypertonic
|
|
trab-
|
beam, timber
|
trabeculae – spicules of bone in spongy bone tissue
|
|
trapez-
|
table
|
trapezius – the four-sided muscle of the upper back
|
|
trop-
|
turn, change
|
tropic hormones – targets are endocrine glands
|
|
troph-
|
nourish
|
trophpblast, from which develops the fetal portion of the placenta
|
|
tuber-
|
swelling
|
tuberosity – a bump on a bone
|
|
tunic-
|
covering
|
tunica albuginea – the covering of the testis
|
|
tympan-
|
drum
|
tympanic membrane – the eardrum
|
|
ultra-
|
beyond
|
ultraviolet radiation – beyond the band of visible light
|
|
vacc-
|
cow
|
vaccine
|
|
vagin-
|
a sheath
|
vagina
|
|
vagus
|
wanderer
|
the vagus nerve – starts at the brain and travels into the abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
valen-
|
strength
|
valence shells of atoms
|
|
venter, ventr-
|
abdomen, belly
|
ventral (directional term); ventricle
|
|
vent-
|
the wind
|
pulmonary ventilation
|
|
vert-
|
turn
|
vertebral column
|
|
vestibul-
|
a porch
|
vestibule – the anterior entryway to the mouth and nose
|
|
vibr-
|
shake, quiver
|
vibrissae – hairs of the nasal vestibule
|
|
villus
|
shaggy hair
|
microvilli – have the appearance of hair in light microscopy
|
|
viscos-
|
sticky
|
viscosity – resistance to flow
|
|
vita-
|
life
|
vitamin
|
|
vitre-
|
glass
|
vitreous humor – the clear jelly of the eye
|
|
viv-
|
live
|
in vivo
|
|
vulv-
|
a covering
|
vulva – the female external genitalia
|
|
zyg-
|
a yoke, twin
|
zygote
|